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Original Article
- Microbusinesses and Occupational Stress: Emotional Demands, Job Resources, and Depression Among Korean Immigrant Microbusiness Owners in Toronto, Canada
- Il-Ho Kim, Samuel Noh, Cyu-Chul Choi, Kwame McKenzie
- J Prev Med Public Health. 2019;52(5):299-307. Published online August 16, 2019
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.19.134
- 6,176 View
- 104 Download
- 4 Crossref
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Abstract
Summary
PDF - Objectives
While occupational stress has long been a central focus of psychological research, few studies have investigated how immigrant microbusiness owners (MBOs) respond to their unusually demanding occupation, or how their unresolved occupational stress manifests in psychological distress. Based on the job demands-resources model, this study compared MBOs to employees with regard to the relationships among emotional demands, job resources, and depressive symptoms.
Methods
Data were derived from a cross-sectional survey of 1288 Korean immigrant workers (MBOs, professionals, office workers, and manual workers) aged 30 to 70, living in Toronto and surrounding areas. Face-to-face interviews were conducted between March 2013 and November 2013.
Results
Among the four occupational groups, MBOs appeared to endure the greatest level of emotional demands, while reporting relatively lower levels of job satisfaction and job security; but MBOs reported the greatest job autonomy. The effect of emotional demands on depressive symptoms was greater for MBOs than for professionals. However, an inspection of stress-resource interactions indicated that though MBOs enjoyed the greatest autonomy, the protective effects of job satisfaction and security on the psychological risk of emotional demands appeared to be more pronounced for MBOs than for any of the employee groups.
Conclusions
One in two Korean immigrants choose self-employment, most typically in family-owned microbusinesses that involve emotionally taxing dealings with clients and suppliers. However, the benefits of job satisfaction and security may protect MBOs from the adverse mental health effects of job stress. -
SummaryKorean summary
이 연구는 고용직(전문직, 사무직, 육체직)에 비교하여 영세사업자의 감정노동이 우울 수준에 미치는 영향과 직무자원(직업자율성, 직업만족도, 직업안정성)의 조절효과를 분석하였다. 연구결과 영세사업자가 전문직에 비하여 감정노동이 우울감에 미치는 영향이 유의하게 높았다. 또한 전문직에 비하여 영세사업자에서 직업만족도와 직업안정성이 감정노동의 우울 영향을 유의하게 감소시켰으나, 직업자율성은 큰 영향을 미치지 않았다. -
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
- Demoralization, self-efficacy, and business profitability in self-employed individuals with cardiac diseases
Wafaa Sowan, Svetlana Baziliansky
Journal of Health Psychology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - Upgrading of IOT Big Data Governance Scheme in Microenterprise Governance
Dewen Liu, Jian Wang, Kalidoss Rajakani
Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing.2022; 2022: 1. CrossRef - Prevalence and factors associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms among patients hospitalized with hematological malignancies after chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy: A cross-sectional study
Hongyuan Dai, Shuya Xu, Jing Han, Zhenyu Li, Jiang Cao, Tingyu Hu, Hongxia Li, Jing Wei, Xue Dou, Fang Zhou, Junnian Zheng
Journal of Affective Disorders.2021; 286: 33. CrossRef - Objective Job Demands of Oneself and One’s Partner, and Depressive Symptoms. Evidence from a Nationally Representative Longitudinal Study
Benedikt Kretzler, Hans-Helmut König, André Hajek
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(23): 12688. CrossRef
- Demoralization, self-efficacy, and business profitability in self-employed individuals with cardiac diseases
Review
- A Scoping Review of Components of Physician-induced Demand for Designing a Conceptual Framework
- Marita Mohammadshahi, Shahrooz Yazdani, Alireza Olyaeemanesh, Ali Akbari Sari, Mehdi Yaseri, Sara Emamgholipour Sefiddashti
- J Prev Med Public Health. 2019;52(2):72-81. Published online December 31, 2018
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.18.238
- 16,105 View
- 285 Download
- 12 Crossref
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Abstract
PDF
Supplementary Material - Objectives
The current study presents a new conceptual framework for physician-induced demand that comprises several influential components and their interactions.
Methods
This framework was developed on the basis of the conceptual model proposed by Labelle. To identify the components that influenced induced demand and their interactions, a scoping review was conducted (from January 1980 to January 2017). Additionally, an expert panel was formed to formulate and expand the framework.
Results
The developed framework comprises 2 main sets of components. First, the supply side includes 9 components: physicians’ incentive for pecuniary profit or meeting their target income, physicians’ current income, the physician/population ratio, service price (tariff), payment method, consultation time, type of employment of physicians, observable characteristics of the physician, and type and size of the hospital. Second, the demand side includes 3 components: patients’ observable characteristics, patients’ non-clinical characteristics, and insurance coverage.
Conclusions
A conceptual framework that can clearly describe interactions between the components that influence induced demand is a critical step in providing a scientific basis for understanding physicians’ behavior, particularly in the field of health economics. -
Summary
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by- Strategic Purchasing Solutions in Line with Sustainable Financing of the Health System: A Scoping Review
Mohsen Barouni, Anahita Behzadi, Amirhossien Fatahpour
Health Scope.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - Competition and physician behaviour under regulated fees: evidence from Ghana
Adolf Kwadzo Dzampe
International Journal of Social Economics.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - Differential effect of China’s Zero Markup Drug Policy on provider-induced demand in secondary and tertiary hospitals
Xiaoxi Zhang, Armand Zimmerman, Hongyu Lai, Yanyan Zhang, Zhongyi Tang, Shenglan Tang, Osondu Ogbuoji
Frontiers in Public Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Fragmentation of payment systems: an in-depth qualitative study of stakeholders’ experiences with the neonatal intensive care payment system in Iran
Zakieh Ostad-Ahmadi, Miriam Nkangu, Mahmood Nekoei-Moghadam, Mohammad Heidarzadeh, Reza Goudarzi, Vahid Yazdi-Feyzabadi
Health Economics Review.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Diverticulitis is a population health problem: Lessons and gaps in strategies to implement and improve contemporary care
Stephanie Lee Stovall, Jennifer A Kaplan, Joanna K Law, David R Flum, Vlad V Simianu
World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery.2023; 15(6): 1007. CrossRef - Incentivisation practices and their influence on physicians’ prescriptions: A qualitative analysis of practice and policy in Pakistan
Mishal Khan, Afifah Rahman-Shepherd, Muhammad Naveed Noor, Sabeen Sharif, Meherunissa Hamid, Wafa Aftab, Afshan Khurshid Isani, Robyna Irshad Khan, Rumina Hasan, Sadia Shakoor, Sameen Siddiqi, Julia Robinson
PLOS Global Public Health.2023; 3(6): e0001890. CrossRef - Unnecessary ultrasonography as supplier‐induced demand in diagnosis of primary breast cancer in Iran: A cross‐sectional study
Mohammad Akbari, Abbas Assari Arani, Mohammad Esmaeil Akbari, Bahram Sahabi, Alireza Olyaeemanesh, Sajad Noorian
The International Journal of Health Planning and Management.2022; 37(2): 873. CrossRef - The frequency of tooth extraction before and after coverage of dental implants by National Health Insurance
Jin-Sun Choi, Deok-Young Park
Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health.2022; 46(3): 135. CrossRef - Policy Analysis of Gastrointestinal Cancer Prevention in Iran: A Framework Based on a Qualitative Study
Neda Kabiri, Rahim Khodayari‐zarnaq, Manouchehr Khoshbaten, Ali Janati
World Medical & Health Policy.2021; 13(3): 548. CrossRef - Appropriateness of angiography for suspected coronary artery disease
Marita Mohammadshahi, Sara Emamgholipour Sefiddashti, Minoo Alipouri Sakha, Alireza Olyaeemanesh, Shahrooz Yazdani
Indian Heart Journal.2021; 73(3): 376. CrossRef - Hospital-based health technology assessment in Brazil: current experiences and challenges
Patricia Coelho de Soárez, Vera Lúcia Edais Pepe, Hillegonda Maria Dutilh Novaes
International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care.2021;[Epub] CrossRef - Longitudinal Association of Salaries for Medical Staff With Medical Service Utilization and Expenditure in China, 2007–2016
Dawei Zhu, Na Guo, Jian Wang, Stephen Nicholas, Li Chen
Frontiers in Public Health.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Original Article- The Impact of New Work Organizational System on Job Strain, and Psychosocial Distress.
- Sang Baek Koh, Sei Jin Chang, Byeong Hwan Sun, Dong Muk Kang, Mia Son, Jong Ku Park, Bong Suk Cha
- Korean J Prev Med. 2003;36(1):71-76.
- 16,117 View
- 27 Download
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Abstract
PDF
- OBJECTIVES
New organizational work systems, and their impact on the mental health of employees, are considered to beone of the most important topics in the area of industrial health. This study was conducted to compare job characteristics (job demand and decision latitude) levels, and psychosocial distress of workers in acompany introducing to new organizational work systems, to those of workers managed by traditional work systems. METHODS: A study sample of 627 shipbuilding workers (446the new work organizational system and 181the traditional system) were recruited for this study. A structured-questionnaire was used to assess general characteristics, job characteristics (work demand, decision latitude), and psychosocial distress. RESULTS: The decision latitude was not significantly higher in the new work system compared to the traditional system. However, the job demand was significantly higher in the new work system than in the traditional system. The psychosocial distress was higher within the new work system than the traditional system, but no significant relationships were found. The proportion of increased strain was significantly greater with the new system than the traditional system. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that increases in the decision latitude did not sufficiently compensate for higher job strain or increased work intensity. If the increase in the decision latitude was temporary, with the typical job demand remaining high, such work can be still be considered to have a job strain. Future research should consider psychosocial distress and fatigue as important problems caused by new work organizational systems, and should be performed to assess their impact through out industry. -
SummaryClinical TrialTOP
- The Current Status of Utilization and Demand on Cancer Information in the Faculties of Medical School in Korea.
- Min Kyung Lim, Sook Kyung Park, Jeong Hee Yang, Young Sung Lee
- Korean J Prev Med. 2003;36(1):39-46.
- 2,336 View
- 25 Download
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Abstract
PDF
- OBJECTIVES
To investigate the availability and demand for overall cancer-related information, and to establish a basic plan for the construction of a cancer database and information system based on the research results from Korea. METHODS: Postal and telephone surveys were carried out, between August 2001 and November 2001, of 323 affiliated faculty professors from medical universities and colleges in Korea. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistical methods, with regard to the present status and demand for health and cancer-related information. RESULTS: Most (over 80%) subjects studied utilized the health-related information provided on Internet website from foreign countries, such as Medline, but similar comprehensive information system lacked in Korea. The construction of a cancer-related database of domestic research results was revealed to be in a great demand. Information on registration and statistics (52.8%), study results (48.5%) and study resources (37.4%) were the major ingredients required in the database. In constructing a database of the cancer-related research results, a full-text service, continuous updating of data, and the development of standardized user-friendly searching tool were regarded as the necessary components. The formulation of an information sharing system, regarding cancer-related clinical trials, was investigated as being quite feasible. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated the great importance of cancer information systems, and much demand for an available cancer-related database based on Korean research results. -
SummaryOriginal Articles
- A Study on Estimation of Caring Demand for Extended Care Facilities by Activities of Daily Living.
- Chul Woung Kim, Ok Ryun Moon, Sang Yi Lee, Jae Won Yoo, Sang Gu Yi
- Korean J Prev Med. 1998;31(3):564-578.
- 2,164 View
- 18 Download
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Abstract
PDF
- Most extended care facilities have admitted both the healthy and unhealthy elderly, among which members' average caring demand vary. The Aged Welfare Law, however, currently provides no reasonable basis on the staffing policy for extended care facilities. It just reflects the admitted number of the elderly rather than differences in members' average caring demand among facilities. This study is designed to estimate the need for caring staff on the basis of the correlation between the individual health status measured by various tools including Activities of Daily Living and caring demand by actual service time for each one. The sample included all of the admitted elderly(187 persons) in 4 extended care facilities, two in Seoul and the other two in KangWon-Do over the survey period October 5 through October 20, 1996. The survey process consisted of 3 stages. (1) The current staffing information was collected through self-completed written questionnaires left for head official in each facility. (2) Six graduate students at School of Public Health interviewed all residents to collect information on their health status and sociodemographics. The response rate for the interview was relatively high(85%). (3) Information on direct and indirect caring time consumed for each residents came from self-completed written questionnaires given to nurses and helpers in each target facilities. Analysis of the data was made using Pearson's correlation and multiple regression technique through SAS program. Based on this procedure, the following was found. 1. No facility meet the staffing standard in the Aged Welfare Law completely. 2. It is actual service time that is most correlated with ADL(Activities of daily living). 3. When all of the elderly are divided by four groups based on the level of ADL, the mean values of needed caring time in each group are 15, 21, 36 and 88 minutes respectively. 4. There is no significant difference among facilities in distribution of elderly person by group. 5. No facility meets the estimated number of nurses and helpers which reflects health status of the admitted elderly. Therefore, it is required that severity of the admitted elderly be considered in establishing staffing standard for extended care facility.
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Summary
- An Empirical Analysis of Price Elasticity of the Demand for Medical Care Services in Korean National Health Insurance Program.
- Chunbae Kim, Dosung Lee, Hanjoong Kim, Myongsei Sohn
- Korean J Prev Med. 1995;28(2):450-461.
- 2,280 View
- 61 Download
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Abstract
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- This paper tested by using Micro TSP, an empirical econometric analysis to approve officially a hypothesis of price elasticity of the demand for medical care services in Korean national medical insurance and the economic effect of health care delivery system with time-series datas of Medical Insurance statistical yearbook(1981-1993). The results suggest that the korean medical insurance system shows moral hazard due to the change of coinsurance and the economic effect according to intervention of the health care delivery system, but it is different by insurers regardless of the same structure of the medical insurance scheme.
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