Objectives Poor complementary feeding practices have consistently contributed to the burden of child undernutrition in Indonesia. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and predictors of the time of the introduction of solid, semi-solid, and soft foods (ISSSF), minimum dietary diversity (MDD), minimum meal frequency (MMF), and minimum acceptable diet (MAD).
Methods We analyzed 4804 last-born infants aged 6-23 months from the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey, which employed multistage cluster random sampling. The outcomes were calculated based on the 2021 World Health Organization/United Nations Children’s Fund guidelines. The predictors of the 4 complementary feeding indicators were assessed using multivariate Poisson regression with robust variance adjusting for potential confounders and study design.
Results The prevalence of ISSSF, MDD, MMF, and MAD was 86.1%, 54.3%, 71.8%, and 37.6%, respectively, with younger children less likely to meet 3 out of the 4 outcomes. Parental education, the presence of a birth attendant, and maternal media consumption were among the predictors of MDD and MAD. Children from families with higher income were more likely to meet MDD than those from low-income households (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR], 1.16; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05 to 1.28). Living in an urban area was positively associated with MMF (aPR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.15) and MAD (aPR, 1.12; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.24). In eastern regions, the prevalence of children achieving MDD and MAD was lower than in those living in Java and Bali.
Conclusions It is crucial that more attention and efforts are made to improve the recommended practices throughout Indonesia, since the prevalence of adequate complementary feeding practices remains low.
Summary
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Determinants of appropriate complementary feeding practices among mothers of children aged 6–23 months in Bokoji town, Oromia region, Ethiopia Abdurehman Kalu Tololu, Bekele Teshome, Hiwot Zelalem Fessaha, Abdene Weya Kaso BMC Pediatrics.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Prevalence and associated factors of complementary feeding practices of mothers having children 6–23 months in rural disadvantaged areas, Ben Tre province, Vietnam: a cross-sectional study Thuy Ngoc Vuong, Hang Thi Diem Tran BMC Medicine.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
DEVELOPING AN INSTRUMENT FOR DETERMINANTS OF INFANT AND YOUNG CHILD FEEDING (IYCF) PRACTICES USING THEORETICAL INTEGRATION APPROACH Ira Dwijayanti, Anugrah Linda Mutiarani, Merry Sunaryo, Angelina Putri Firdaus, Eka Harum Lestari Journal of Nutrition College.2025; 14(2): 123. CrossRef
Prevalence and determinants of inappropriate complementary feeding practices among children aged 6–23 months in Chiang Mai, Northern Thailand: a cross-sectional study Krongporn Ongprasert, Jakarin Chawachat, Jukkrit Wungrath, Wuttipat Kiratipaisarl BMC Public Health.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Dietary Practices Among Young Children in Nepal’s Karnali Mountains: A Community-Based Study on Meal Frequency, Diversity, and Fruit or Vegetable Intake Sona Shrestha, Vishnu Khanal BMC Public Health.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Women’s empowerment-related inequalities in complementary feeding practices among children aged 6–23 months in Indonesia: a decomposition analysis Siti Nurokhmah, Judhiastuty Februhartanty, Mia Siscawati, Aryono Hendarto BMJ Open.2025; 15(6): e093440. CrossRef
Social-demographic and behavioral predictors of core indicators of complementary feeding practices among mothers of children aged 6–23 months: baseline results from a cluster-randomized trial in rural Ethiopia Tadele Amente, Yohannes Kebede, Tefera Belachew BMC Pediatrics.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Effect of single-parent versus dual-parent households on dietary intake and growth among under-five children in Rwanda: an analysis using directed acyclic graph Ukwishaka Joyeuse, Samadoulougou Sekou, Sezibera Vincent, Kirakoya-Samadoulougou Fati, Lefebvre Geneviève BMC Nutrition.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Factors associated with infant and young child feeding practices in children aged 6–23 months in Indonesia: A nationwide study Iqlima Dwi Kurnia, Praba Diyan Rachmawati, Yuni Sufyanti Arief, Ilya Krisnana, Pratuma Rithpho, Hidayat Arifin Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2024; 78: 82. CrossRef