Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health

Original Articles

Mapping Asbestos Vulnerability in Indonesia Using Earthquake Vulnerability: Anna Suraya, Osama Priharto, Bintang Raihan Putra, Husen , Defi Arjuni, Uci Sulandari, Yunita Sari Purba, Maryuni , Lelitasari; J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(5):475-483. Published online June 29, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.749

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Abstract Summary PDF: Objectives
This study aims to create Indonesia’s first asbestos exposure risk map by analyzing asbestos roofing prevalence, population density, and earthquake vulnerability. This represents a significant innovation by providing valuable insights to support the prevention of asbestos-related diseases in Indonesia.
Methods
This semi-quantitative study was conducted between June 2024 and September 2024. Data on asbestos roof usage and population density were obtained from the Indonesian Central Statistics Agency, while earthquake risk data were sourced from the Geological Disaster Mitigation Portal. Risk categorization was applied to each variable, and a matrix was developed to evaluate combined risks. Validation was conducted through cross-referencing, and maps were generated using Geographic Information System software.
Results
Nationally, asbestos roofing use is approximately 8.10%, although prevalence varies significantly among provinces. Bangka Belitung has the highest prevalence at 55.16%, followed by DKI Jakarta (52.10%), Riau Islands (31.99%), and Banten (21.22%). DKI Jakarta also has the highest population density, with 16 158 inhabitants per square kilometer. Combining these factors, DKI Jakarta emerges as the province with the highest asbestos exposure risk. Based on asbestos roofing prevalence, population density, and earthquake risk, provinces classified at very high asbestos exposure risk include DKI Jakarta, West Java, DI Yogyakarta, East Java, Banten, Bali, and West Nusa Tenggara. Provinces categorized as high-risk include North Sumatra, Bengkulu, Lampung, and Central Java.
Conclusions
This map supports the development of future public health policies by identifying high-risk areas, optimizing resource allocation, and informing targeted intervention strategies.; Summary

Key Message
This study developed Indonesia’s first asbestos exposure risk map by integrating asbestos roof prevalence, population density, and earthquake vulnerability. Using GIS-based semi-quantitative analysis, the authors identified significant disparities across provinces. Bangka Belitung (55.16%) and Jakarta (52.10%) had the highest asbestos roof usage, with Jakarta also exhibiting the country’s highest population density (16,158/km²). These overlapping factors placed Jakarta, West Java, DI Yogyakarta, East Java, Banten, Bali, and West Nusa Tenggara in the “very high-risk” category. The findings emphasize the urgent need for targeted public health interventions and disaster risk mitigation.

Asbestos and Non-Asbestos Fiber Content in Lungs of Autopsied Subjects in Pohang with no Known History of Occupational Asbestos Exposure.: Hyun Sul Lim, Ji Yong Kim, Dong Hoon Kim, Kiyoshi Sakai, Naomi Hisanaga; Korean J Prev Med. 2000;33(4):477-483.

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Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
To obtain reference values for the pulmonary asbestos and non-asbestos fiber contents of residents in Korea and to compare them with similar results from Japan. METHODS: The autopsied lung specimens from 22 deceased people (20 males and 2 females) in Pohang, without any known occupational history of asbestos exposure, were analyzed for incidence of asbestos and non-asbestos fibers by transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis after using low temperature ashing procedures. RESULTS: Chrysotile fiber (46.2%) was the major fiber type found in the lungs of the subjects. The asbestos fiber concentrations found in males and females were 0.09x106 fibers/(g of dry lungs) and 0.30x106 fibers/(g of dry lungs), respectively, showing a geometric mean concentration 0.09x106 fibers/(g of dry lung tissue), due to the predominance of males in the sample. The non-asbestos fiber contents in males and females were 4.61x106 fibers/(g of dry lungs) and 17.79x106 fibers/(g of dry lungs), respectively, with a geometric mean concentration 5.21x106 fibers/(g of dry lung tissue). CONCLUSIONS: Residents in Pohang had significantly lower levels of both asbestos and non-asbestos fibers than urban residents in Korea. Furthermore, Koreans had significantly lower levels of both asbestos and non-asbestos fibers than Japanese.; Summary

Survival Analysis of Hospitalized Mesothelioma Patients.: Chun Bae Kim, Sang Hyuk Jung, Kyung Jong Lee, Jong Doo Kang; Korean J Prev Med. 1990;23(1):77-86.

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Abstract PDF: Between 1977 and 1987, 20 patients with mesothelioma were treated at Severance Hospital. Data was gathered from medical charts at the time of hospitalization of mesothelioma patients and from a follow-up questionnaire by mail or telephone. The results acquired were as follows: 1. Among the 20 patients, 11 men and 9 women with mesothelioma were identified. The mean age at hospitalization was 47 years and 11 mesothelioma patients were known or presumed to be dead during the different observation periods. 2. Only one mesothelioma patient had a definite history of occupational asbestos exposure. 3. The sites of orgin of mesothelioma were the pleura(13), peritoneum(2), pericardium(2), mediastinum(2), and pelvis(1). Common symptoms included dyspnea, chest pain, abdominal distension, etc. 4. Pathologically, mesotheliomas were divided into 14 malignant types and 6 benign types ; and histologically, 8 fibrous mesotheliomas and 3 epithelial mesotheliomas were shown. 5. There was a statistically significant difference in survival rate according to pathologic type and smoking status. In the groups with malignant mesothelioma, 50% survival time from first symptoms was 18 months and that from diagnosis was 11 months. Also, 75% survival time from diagnosis was 6 months in the smoking groups and 19 months in the non-smoking groups.; Summary

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