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Original Articles
- Impact of COVID-19 on the Profitability of General Hospitals in Korea
- Jun Young Park, Tae Hyun Kim, Suk-Yong Jang, Sang Gyu Lee
- J Prev Med Public Health. 2026;59(1):46-55. Published online September 11, 2025
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.25.303
- 1,065 View
- 92 Download
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Abstract
Summary
PDF
Supplementary Material - Objectives
This study was performed to quantify the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on hospital profitability in Korea by analyzing changes in the medical revenue-to-profit ratio (MRPR) and net income before reserve fund allocation (NIBR) before and after the pandemic onset. Additionally, it examined how financial outcomes varied by hospital ownership, geographic location, and type (secondary or tertiary), providing insights into the financial resilience of various hospital types during public health crises.
Methods
We conducted a longitudinal analysis using publicly available financial disclosure data from 243 general hospitals in Korea (2016–2022). We then performed a quadrant analysis to classify hospitals based on changes in MRPR and NIBR, identifying patterns of financial impact. For inferential analysis, we employed linear mixed-effects models incorporating a difference-in-differences framework, enabling estimation of both time-varying and hospital-specific effects.
Results
Following the onset of COVID-19, MRPR declined significantly, reaching −10.62% in 2020. NIBR initially dropped but later increased, reaching 21.09 billion Korean won per 100 beds in 2022. Quadrant analysis revealed substantial heterogeneity in financial responses, with national/public hospitals experiencing the most severe MRPR decline, whereas educational foundation and medical corporation hospitals displayed stronger financial recovery. Regression results confirmed significant interactions between outcomes after COVID-19 onset and hospital ownership type, indicating differential financial impacts across hospital categories.
Conclusions
The findings highlight the uneven financial effects of COVID-19 on Korean hospitals, emphasizing the importance of targeted government financial support. Policy measures should prioritize structural financial reforms to ensure hospital sustainability beyond short-term crisis management. -
SummaryKorean summary
본 연구는 2016–2022년 국내 종합병원 243개소의 재무자료를 활용하여 COVID-19 팬데믹이 병원 수익성에 미친 영향을 분석하였다. 팬데믹 이후 의료수익 대비 이익률은 전반적으로 감소한 반면, 정부 지원 등의 영향으로 적립금 차감 전 순이익은 증가하는 이중적 양상이 관찰되었다. 이러한 영향은 병원 소유 형태와 규모에 따라 상이하게 나타났으며, 공공병원의 재무적 취약성이 두드러졌다.Key Message
Using longitudinal financial data from 243 Korean general hospitals (2016–2022), this study examined the impact of COVID-19 on hospital profitability. Medical revenue-to-profit ratios declined markedly after the pandemic onset, while net income before reserve fund allocation increased, reflecting substantial heterogeneity by ownership and hospital type. These findings highlight the need for targeted and structurally differentiated financial support policies to strengthen hospital resilience during future public health crises.
- Association of Demographic and Socioeconomic Factors With Risk Factors for Chronic Kidney Disease
- Tae Hyun Kim, Min-Jee Lee, Ki-Bong Yoo, Euna Han, Jae-Woo Choi
- J Prev Med Public Health. 2015;48(3):170-177. Published online May 15, 2015
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.15.002
- 12,105 View
- 124 Download
- 8 Crossref
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Abstract
PDF
- Objectives
The goal of this study was to examine the association of various demographic and socioeconomic factors with risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Methods
We used nationally representative pooled data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), 2007–2013. We estimated the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation. We defined CKD as a GFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2, and 1304 of the 45 208 individuals included in the KNHANES were found to have CKD by this definition. The outcome variable was whether individual subjects adhered to the CKD prevention and management guidelines recommended by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The guidelines suggest that individuals maintain a normal weight, abstain from alcohol consumption and smoking, manage diabetes and hypertension, and engage in regular exercise in order to prevent and manage CKD.
Results
This study found that individuals with CKD were more likely to be obese and have hypertension or diabetes than individuals without CKD. In particular, male and less-educated CKD patients were less likely to adhere to the guidelines.
Conclusions
Although the prevalence of CKD, as indicated by the KNHANES data, decreased from 2007 to 2013, the prevalence of most risk factors associated with CKD fluctuated over the same time period. Since a variety of demographic and socioeconomic factors are related to the successful implementation of guidelines for preventing and managing CKD, individually tailored prevention activities should be developed. -
Summary
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
- Assessment of prevalence and risk factors of chronic kidney disease in A. Konduru tribal region of Andhra Pradesh, India: A cross-sectional study
Prabhakar Akurathi, Krishna Kishore Aligina, Udaragudi Prasada Rao, Panchumarthi Thanuja, Madhavi Pothukuchi, Nutakki Sridevi
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care.2025; 14(7): 2958. CrossRef - Global health inequalities of chronic kidney disease: a meta-analysis
Rachael Duff, Omodolapo Awofala, Muhammad Tahir Arshad, Emilie Lambourg, Peter Gallacher, Neeraj Dhaun, Samira Bell
Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation.2024; 39(10): 1692. CrossRef - Rate of Vascular Access Preparation in Hemodialysis Patients and Associated Baseline Characteristics in Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia: A Multicentre Study
Mohammed Somaili, Hussam Darraj, Faisal Abusageah, Faisal Hakami, Khalid M. Hakami, Basem Zogel, Mohammed Awaf, Sulaiman Hamdi, Yasser M. Shmakhi, Omar Oraibi, Maged Elsetouhi, Majed Somaily, Yahia Somaily
Open Medicine Journal.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Patient-related factors associated with medication adherence behavior in patients with end-stage renal disease
Anis A'lliya Latif, Kai Wei Lee, Kelly Phang, Aneesa Abdul Rashid, Nee Nee Chan, Suat Cheng Peh, Thiruventhiran Thilaganathan, Pei Boon Ooi
Tzu Chi Medical Journal.2022; 34(4): 473. CrossRef - A Healthy Diet Rich in Calcium and Vitamin C Is Inversely Associated with Metabolic Syndrome Risk in Korean Adults from the KNHANES 2013–2017
Sunmin Park, Kyungjin Kim, Byung-Kook Lee, Jaeouk Ahn
Nutrients.2021; 13(4): 1312. CrossRef - Hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype and risk of chronic kidney disease in community-dwelling adults aged 60 years and older in Tianjin, China: a 7-year cohort study
Ruping Chen, Guangshan Sun, Rui Liu, Ao Sun, Yujie Cao, Xiaojie Zhou, Sha Zhang
BMC Nephrology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef - Differential Association of Vitamin D Deficiency With Albuminuria by Sex in the Korean General Population: A Cross-sectional Study of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2012
Yongwoo Jeon, Jaeyong Shin, Jong Hyun Jhee, Youngdae Cho, Eun-Cheol Park
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2018; 51(2): 92. CrossRef - Associations between socioeconomic status and chronic kidney disease: a meta-analysis
Xiaoxi Zeng, Jing Liu, Sibei Tao, Hyokyoung G Hong, Yi Li, Ping Fu
Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health.2018; 72(4): 270. CrossRef
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