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Original Article
- Are Non-standard Work Schedules Related to Sleep Difficulty and Health-related Quality of Life in Korea? An Examination of Gender Differences
- Seowoo Park, Ji Sun Park, Moo Hyuk Lee, Young Kyung Do
- J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(4):396-405. Published online April 15, 2025
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.378
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Abstract
Summary
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Supplementary Material - Objectives
The rise of flexible and diverse work schedules has become increasingly common in modern society. This study aims to investigate whether non-standard work schedules are related to sleep difficulty and other aspects of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in Korea, with special attention to gender differences.
Methods
Data from the 2019 and 2021 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (Phase 8) were used, with a final sample consisting of 6735 participants. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was performed on sleep difficulty and the other seven items of the Health-related Quality of Life Instrument with 8 items (HINT-8) to examine associations with work schedules. Linear regression analysis was also conducted using the HINT-8 index as a composite measure.
Results
Non-standard work schedules were associated with a higher likelihood of sleep disturbances compared to the standard daytime work schedule. In particular, the negative impact of the night work schedule on sleep was greater for women than for men. Women working under the night work schedule were 12.2 percentage points more likely to report severe sleep difficulty than women under the day work schedule (9.6%). Additionally, the working, happiness, and vitality items of the HINT-8 were negatively associated with the night work schedule, whereas the other HINT-8 items and the HINT-8 index did not exhibit similar results.
Conclusions
Non-standard work schedules are associated with increased sleep difficulty, particularly among women, and negatively affect several aspects of HRQoL, including vitality, happiness, and work performance. Given their rising prevalence and adverse impact on workers’ sleep, health, well-being, as well as workplace safety and performance, non-standard work schedules should be recognized as a significant public health concern. -
SummaryKorean summary
저녁 및 밤 시간대 근무는 수면을 포함한 건강 관련 삶의 질에 부정적 영향을 끼치며, 그 영향은 여성에서 더 크게 나타난다. 비표준시간대 근무는 중요한 공중보건학적 문제이다.Key Message
Non-standard work schedules are associated with increased sleep difficulty, particularly among women, and negatively affect several aspects of health-related quality of life, including vitality, happiness, and work performance. Given their rising prevalence and adverse impact on workers’ sleep, health, well-being, as well as workplace safety and performance, non-standard work schedules should be recognized as a significant public health concern.
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