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Sang Yi Lee 12 Articles
A Prospective Cohort Study of Exercise and the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes in Impaired Fasting Glucose Group.
Hong Dae Um, Duck Chul Lee, Sang Yi Lee, Yeon Soo Kim
J Prev Med Public Health. 2008;41(1):45-50.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2008.41.1.45
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  • 8 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
To determine the relationship between exercise and the incidence of type 2 diabetes in an impaired fasting glucose group. METHODS: This prospective cohort study was conducted in 19,440 men and 4,297 women, aged 30-69 years, with impaired fasting glucose at baseline who had undergone biennial medical evaluation through the National Health Insurance Corporation from 2000 to 2004. Impaired fasting glucose was defined as fasting glucose of 100 to 125 mg/dl and the subjects were divided into 3 groups depending on weekly exercise frequency. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between the baseline exercise status and incidence of type 2 diabetes. RESULTS: During the 4-year follow-up, a total of 3,239 men and 283 women developed type 2 diabetes, a cumulative incidence of 16.6% for men, and 6.5% for women. Also, 1,688 men (21.2%) and 127 women (15.2%) developed type 2 diabetes in the obese group. The adjusted relative risk (RR) of developing type 2 diabetes in non-exercising men was significantly higher than exercising men regularly (RR= 1.375, 95% CI=1.236-1.529)(p<0.0001), and the RR for non-exercising women was higher than exercising women regularly (RR=1.124, 95% CI=0.711-1.778). The RR for non-exercise men/women in the obese group was 1.571 (95% CI=1.351-1.827)(p<0.0001)/1.869(95% CI=0.846-4.130). CONCLSIONS: Regular exercise is effective in preventing type 2 diabetes in people with impaired fasting glucose, and particularly in obese people. People with risk factors for diabetes should participate in a regular exercise program.
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  • Effects of Vitamin Intake on Blood Glucose in Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy: Quantitative and Descriptive Research
    Ji Yeong Kim, Kyung Hee Lim
    Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2023; 35(2): 148.     CrossRef
  • Prognostic Factors for Hyperglycemia in Patients Receiving Chemotherapy
    Jiyeong Kim, Kyung Hee Lim
    Cancer Nursing.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Association between Nighttime Work and HbA1c Levels in South Korea
    Yeon-Suk Lee, Jae Hong Joo, Eun-Cheol Park
    Healthcare.2022; 10(10): 1977.     CrossRef
  • Factors related to the regular exercise participation of middle-aged and older people
    Yongha Seo, Seungjae Hyun, Sangshin Park
    Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2020; 37(5): 23.     CrossRef
  • Hospital-Based Korean Diabetes Prevention Study: A Prospective, Multi-Center, Randomized, Open-Label Controlled Study
    Sang Youl Rhee, Suk Chon, Kyu Jeung Ahn, Jeong-Taek Woo
    Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2019; 43(1): 49.     CrossRef
  • The Epidemiology of Diabetes in Korea
    Dae Jung Kim
    Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2011; 35(4): 303.     CrossRef
  • Adiponectin is Associated with Impaired Fasting Glucose in the Non-Diabetic Population
    Sang Yeun Kim, Sun Ju Lee, Hyoun Kyoung Park, Ji Eun Yun, Myoungsook Lee, Jidong Sung, Sun Ha Jee
    Epidemiology and Health.2011; 33: e2011007.     CrossRef
  • Associated Factors of Impaired Fasting Glucose in Some Korean Rural Adults
    Hye Eun Yun, Mi-ah Han, Ki Soon Kim, Jong Park, Myeng Guen Kang, So Yeon Ryu
    Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2010; 43(4): 309.     CrossRef
Antihypertensive Drug Medication Adherence of People with Disabilities and its Affecting Factors in Korea.
Jong Hyock Park, Youngsoo Shin, Sang Yi Lee, Jae Hyun Park
J Prev Med Public Health. 2007;40(3):249-258.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2007.40.3.249
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  • 8 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
The aims of this study were to estimate the antihypertensive medication adherence in people with a disability and a history of taking antihypertensive medication, and to identify the factors affecting medication adherence. METHODS: The National Health Insurance claims data were linked with the National Disability Registry. People with a disability, who received a prescription of antihypertensives, were identified from a total of 85,098 cases. Cumulative medication adherence (CMA) was used as an indicator of medication adherence. A CMA > 80% was defined as appropriate medication adherence. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors affecting medication adherence. RESULTS: The average CMA in a total of 85,098 patients was 79.5%. The appropriate adherence (CMA > or =80%) rate was 54.5% and 20.5% of patients had a CMA < 50%. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the probability of appropriate adherence decreased with decreasing number of prescription days per visit, increasing number of providers, the patients' residential area moving from urban to rural areas, and when patients have an internal organ disability, auditory impairment, mobility impairment. CONCLUSIONS: The adherence to antihypertensive medication in people with a disability is influenced by various socio-economic, clinical and regional factors. In particular, the disabled who have locomotive and communication disabilities and internal organ impairments have a higher probability of under-adherence to antihypertensive medication adherence in Korea.
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  • Correlation between Usual Source of Care and Medication Adherence in Patients with Hypertension
    Han-Kil Kang, Nak-Jin Sung
    Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2024; 45(2): 82.     CrossRef
  • Factors associated with suboptimal adherence to antihypertensive medication: Cross-sectional study using nationally representative databases
    Sangyong Jo, Taegyu Um, Jihye Shin, Dongchan Lee, Kyungil Park, Minkook Son
    Heliyon.2024; 10(19): e38531.     CrossRef
  • Risk Factors and the Usual Source of Care on Non-Adherence to Antihypertensive Drugs in Immigrants with Hypertension


    Hyemin Cho, Sohyun Jeong, Cinoo Kang, Hee-Jin Kang, Suhyun Jang, Sunmee Jang
    Patient Preference and Adherence.2020; Volume 14: 2123.     CrossRef
  • Control of hypertension and diabetes among adults aged over 40 years with or without physical disabilities
    Jung-A Lee, Jong Heon Park
    International Journal on Disability and Human Development.2015;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Effect of antihypertensive medication adherence on hospitalization for cardiovascular disease and mortality in hypertensive patients
    Sukyoun Shin, Hyunjong Song, Sang-Kwon Oh, Kyung Eob Choi, Ho Kim, Sunmee Jang
    Hypertension Research.2013; 36(11): 1000.     CrossRef
  • Equity in health care: current situation in South Korea
    Hong-Jun Cho
    Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2013; 56(3): 184.     CrossRef
  • Predictors of Current Smoking among Male Students in a Technical High School: A Prospective Study
    Jong-Yeon Kim, Soon-Woo Park
    Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2009; 42(1): 59.     CrossRef
  • Antihypertensive Drug Medication Adherence of People with Disabilities and its Affecting Factors in Korea
    Jong-Hyock Park, Youngsoo Shin, Sang Yi Lee, Jae-Hyun Park
    Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2007; 40(3): 249.     CrossRef
Medical Expenditure of National Health Insurance Attributable to Smoking among the Korean Population.
Sang Yi Lee, Sun Ha Jee, Ji Eun Yun, Su Young Kim, Jakyung Lee, Jonathan M Samet, Il Soon Kim
J Prev Med Public Health. 2007;40(3):227-232.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2007.40.3.227
  • 5,015 View
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  • 9 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to determine the population-attributable risk (PAR) and estimate the total medical expenditure of the Korean National Health Insurance (KNHI) due to smoking. METHODS: We used data from the Korean Cancer Prevention Study of 1,178,138 Koreans aged 30 to 95. These data were available from 1992 to 2003 and covered a long-term follow-up period among the Korean population. RESULTS: The total medical expenditure of KNHI related to smoking increased by 27% from $324.9 million in 1999 to $413.7 million in 2003. By specific diseases, smokingattributable KNHI medical expenditure was the highest for lung cancer ($74.2 million), followed by stroke ($65.3 million), COPD ($50.1 million), CHD ($49 million) and stomach cancer ($30 million). A total of 1.3 million KNHI patients were suffering from smoking-related diseases in 2003. We predicted rises in total KNHI medical expenditure related to smoking to $675.1 million (63% increase compared with that of 2003) and in the total number of KNHI patients suffering from smoking-related diseases to about 2.6million (an approximate 100% increase compared with those in 2003) in 2015. CONCLUSIONS: We found a substantial economic burden related to the high smoking prevalence in South Korea.
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  • Estimates of the Prevalence, Intensity and the Number of Workers Exposed to Cigarette Smoking across Occupations and Industries in Korea
    Hyejung Jung, Dong-Hee Koh, Sangjun Choi, Ju-Hyun Park, Hwan-Cheol Kim, Sang-Gil Lee, Donguk Park
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The Effect of Positive Group Psychotherapy and Motivational Interviewing on Smoking Cessation
    Eun Jin Lee
    Journal of Addictions Nursing.2017; 28(2): 88.     CrossRef
  • Smoking and Oral Diseases
    Dal-Nim Yang, Yong-Duk Park
    Journal of the Korean Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco.2015; 6(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • The association between inhaled long-acting bronchodilators and less in-hospital care in newly-diagnosed COPD patients
    Jinhee Kim, Kyungjoo Kim, Yuri Kim, Kwang-Ha Yoo, Chin Kook Lee, Hyoung Kyu Yoon, Young Sam Kim, Young Bum Park, Jin Hwa Lee, Yeon-Mok Oh, Sang-Do Lee, Sei Won Lee
    Respiratory Medicine.2014; 108(1): 153.     CrossRef
  • Predictors of success at six-month follow-up at a public smoking cessation clinic in South Korea
    Soo-Young Bhang, Sam-Wook Choi, Joon-Ho Ahn, Kunwoo Kim, Hano Kim, Hye-Kyeong Park
    Asia-Pacific Psychiatry.2013; 5(3): 197.     CrossRef
  • Cost and effectiveness of the nationwide government-supported Smoking Cessation Clinics in the Republic of Korea
    Jin-Kyoung Oh, Min Kyung Lim, E Hwa Yun, Sang Hwa Shin, Eun Young Park, Eun-Cheol Park
    Tobacco Control.2013; 22(e1): e73.     CrossRef
  • Health and Economic Burden of Major Cancers Due to Smoking in Korea
    In-Hwan Oh, Seok-Jun Yoon, Tai-Young Yoon, Joong-Myung Choi, Bong-Keun Choe, Eun-Jung Kim, Young-Ae Kim, Hye-Young Seo, Yoon-Hyung Park
    Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention.2012; 13(4): 1525.     CrossRef
  • The influence of housing tenure and marital status on smoking in South Korea
    Seungji Lim, Woojin Chung, Hanjoong Kim, Sunmi Lee
    Health Policy.2010; 94(2): 101.     CrossRef
  • Factors influencing cigarette smoking and quantified implications for anti-smoking policy: evidence from South Korea
    Woojin Chung, Hanjoong Kim, Seungji Lim, Sunmi Lee, Kyungsook Cho
    International Journal of Public Health.2009; 54(6): 409.     CrossRef
Educational Differences in Health Care Utilization in the Last Year of Life among South Korean Cancer Patients.
Soo Young Choo, Sang Yi Lee, Chul Woung Kim, Su Young Kim, Tae Ho Yoon, Hai Rim Shin, Ok Ryun Moon
J Prev Med Public Health. 2007;40(1):36-44.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2007.40.1.36
  • 5,155 View
  • 43 Download
  • 10 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
There have been few studies examining the differences in health care utilization across social classes during the last year of life. Therefore, in this study we analyzed the quantitative and qualitative differences in health care utilization among cancer patients across educational classes in their last year of life, and derived from it implications for policy. METHODS: To evaluate health care utilization by cancer patients in the last year of life, Death certificate data from 2004 were merged with National Health Insurance data (n=60,088). In order to use educational level as a social class index, we selected the individuals aged 40 and over as study subjects (n=57,484). We analyzed the differences in the medical expenditures, admission days, and rates of admission experience across educational classes descriptively. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between medical expenditures and independent variables such as sex, age, education class, site of death and type of cancer. RESULTS: The upper educational class spent much more on medical expenditures in the last one year of life, particularly during the last month of life, than the lower educational class did. The ratio of monthly medical expenditures per capita between the college class and no education class was 2.5 in the last 6-12 months of life, but the ratio was 1.6 in the last 1 month. Also, the lower the educational class, the higher the proportion of medical expenditures during the last one month of life, compared to total medical expenditures in the last one year of life. The college educational class had a much higher rate of admission experiences in tertiary hospitals within Seoul than the other education classes did. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that the lower educational classes had qualitative and quantitative disadvantages in utilizing health care services for cancer in the last year of life.
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  • Cross-national differences in wealth inequality in health services and caregiving used near the end of life
    Jennifer A. Ailshire, Cristian A. Herrera, Eunyoung Choi, Margarita Osuna, Elina Suzuki
    eClinicalMedicine.2023; 58: 101911.     CrossRef
  • Socioeconomic differences in the perception of inequalities in healthcare utilization and health in South Korea
    Nayeon Kim, Hye-won Yun, Juwon Park, Fatima Nari, Hee Jin Wang, Jae Kwan Jun, Kui Son Choi, Mina Suh
    Preventive Medicine Reports.2023; 36: 102445.     CrossRef
  • Cross-National Differences in Wealth Inequality in Health Services and Caregiving Used Near the End of Life
    Jennifer A. Ailshire, Cristian A. Herrera, Eunyoung Choi, Margarita Osuna, Elina M. Suzuki
    SSRN Electronic Journal .2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Socioeconomic position and use of healthcare in the last year of life: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    Joanna M. Davies, Katherine E. Sleeman, Javiera Leniz, Rebecca Wilson, Irene J. Higginson, Julia Verne, Matthew Maddocks, Fliss E. M. Murtagh, Holly Gwen Prigerson
    PLOS Medicine.2019; 16(4): e1002782.     CrossRef
  • Joint Symposium of Korean Cancer Association & UICC-ARO—Cross-boundary cancer studies: cancer and Universal Health Coverage (UHC) in Asia
    Eun-Cheol Park, Norie Kawahara, Shinjiro Nozaki, Hasbullah Thabrany, Shunya Yoshimi, Sohee Park, Duk Hyoung Lee, Hideyuki Akaza, Jae Kyung Roh
    Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology.2017; 47(9): 889.     CrossRef
  • Medical Costs and Healthcare Utilization among Cancer Decedents in the Last Year of Life in 2009
    Inuk Hwang, Dong Wook Shin, Kyoung Hee Kang, Hyung Kook Yang, So Young Kim, Jong-Hyock Park
    Cancer Research and Treatment.2016; 48(1): 365.     CrossRef
  • Barriers to Cancer Care, Perceived Social Support, and Patient Navigation Services for Korean Breast Cancer Patients
    Jung-won Lim
    Social Work in Health Care.2015; 54(1): 47.     CrossRef
  • Equity in health care: current situation in South Korea
    Hong-Jun Cho
    Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2013; 56(3): 184.     CrossRef
  • Inequalities in Medical Care Utilization by South Korean Cancer Patients According to Income: A Retrospective Cohort Study
    Tae Ho Yoon, Sang-Yi Lee, Chul-Woung Kim, Su Young Kim, Baek-Geun Jeong, Hyeung-Keun Park
    International Journal of Health Services.2011; 41(1): 51.     CrossRef
  • Factors Influencing Utilization of Medical Care Among Osteoarthritis Patients in Korea: Using 2005 Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey Data
    Min Young Kim, Jong Ku Park, Sang Baek Koh, Chun-Bae Kim
    Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2010; 43(6): 513.     CrossRef
Developing the Predictive Model for the Group at High Risk for Colon Cancer.
Ae Kyoung Lee, Sang Yi Lee, Il Soo Park, Su Young Kim, Tae Ho Yoon, Baek Geun Jeong
J Prev Med Public Health. 2006;39(5):438-446.
  • 2,246 View
  • 49 Download
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
We developed the predictive model for the incidence of colon cancer by utilizing the health screening data of the National Health Insurance in Korea. We also explored the characteristics of the high risk group for colon cancer. METHODS: The predictive model was used to determine those people who have a high risk for colon cancer within 2 years of their NHI health screening, and we excluded the people who had already been treated for cancer or who were cancer patient. The study population is the insured of the NHI, aged 40 or over and they had undergone health screening from the year 2000 to 2004, according to NHI health screening formula. We performed logistic regression analysis and used SAS Enterprise Miner 4.1. RESULTS: This study shows that there exists a higher rate of colon cancer in males than females. Also, for the population in their 60s, the incidence rate of colon cancer is much higher by 5.36 times than that for those people in their 40s. Amongst the behavioral factors, heavy drinking is the most important determinant of the colon cancer incidence (7.39 times in males and 21.51 times in females). CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirms that the major influencing factors for the incidence of colon cancer are drinking, lack of exercise, a medical history of colon polypus and a family history of colon cancer. As a result, we can choose the group that is at a high risk for colon cancer and provide customized medical information and selective management services according to their characteristics.
Summary
Socioeconomic Costs of Obesity for Korean Adults.
Baek Geun Jeong, Ok Ryun Moon, Nam Soon Kim, Jae Heon Kang, Tae Ho Yoon, Sang Yi Lee, Sin Jae Lee
Korean J Prev Med. 2002;35(1):1-12.
  • 2,621 View
  • 52 Download
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVE
To estimate the socioeconomic costs of obesity in Korea, 1998. METHODS: The 1998 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1998 NHNES) data was used and 10,880 persons who had taken health examinations were selected for study. Essential hypertension, NIDDM (non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus), dyslipidemia, osteoarthritis, coronary heart disease, stroke were included as obesity related disease. The data of direct costs of obesity was obtained from the National Federation of Medical Insurance. The category of indirect costs was the loss of productivity caused by premature death and admission, time costs, traffic costs, nursing fees due to obesity. Multiple logistic regression model was developed to estimate prevalence odds ratio by obesity class adjusted demographic and socio-ecnomic factors and calculate PAF (Population Attributable Fraction) of obesity on obesity related disease. And we finally calculated the socioeconomic costs of obesity in relation to BMI with PAF. RESULTS: The direct costs of obesity were 2,126 billion~965 billion Won in considering out of pocket payment to uninsured services, and the indirect costs of obesity were 2,099 billion~1,086 billion Won. Consequently, in considering out of pocket payment to uninsured services, the socioeconomic costs of obesity were 4,225 billion~2,050 billion Won, which corresponded to about 0.094% ~0.046% of GDP and 1.88%~0.91 of total health care costs in Korea. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity represents a major health problem with significant economic implications for the society. This results are conservative estimates as far as all obesity related disease and all health care and indirect costs were not included due to missing information. Further studies are needed to caculate socioeconomic costs of obesity more exactly.
Summary
Increasing Prevalence of Obesity Related Disease for Koreans Associated with Overweight and Obesity.
Nam Soon Kim, Ok Ryun Moon, Jae Heon Kang, Sang Yi Lee, Baek Geun Jeong, Sin Jae Lee, Tae Ho Yoon, Kyung Hwa Hwang
Korean J Prev Med. 2001;34(4):309-315.
  • 2,777 View
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AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVE
To develop a better understanding of the relationship between weight status and the prevalence of obesity related diseases in the Korean population. METHODS: The 1998 Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey was used and 10,880 persons who had previously taken health examinations were selected for study. The Korean Society for the Study of Obesity's classification of weight status was used. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, osteoarthritis, chronic heart disease, stroke were included as obesity related disease. A logistic regression model was developed to estimate the prevalence odds ratio by obesity class adjusted for demographic and socio-economic factors and we converted the odds ratio to a prevalence ratio using the base line prevalence of disease to aid in the interpretation of the ratios. RESULTS: The prevalence of obesity was 26.3% based on the KSSO classification (BMI> or =25). A graded increase in the prevalence ratio was observed with increasing severity of overweight and obesity for all health outcomes with the exception of chronic heart disease in men and stroke in both men and women. With normal weight individuals as the reference, for men who were younger than 50 years, the prevalence ratios were highest for hypertension BMI<23-25: 1.70(95% CI=1.41-2.05), 25 or =30: 4.83(95% CI=3.78-5.84). The prevalence ratios for dyslipidemia were as high as hypertension, but were lower than hypertension for diabetes mellitus and osteoarthritis. Prevalence ratios generally were greater in younger adults. The prevalence of having 2 or more obesity related diseases increased with weight status category, except in people who were older than 50 years. CONCLUSIONS: Based on results, obesity is an increasingly important health problem in Korea and the disease burden increases according to weight status. For Korean adults, the strongest relationship was seen between weight status and hypertension and dyslipidemia. In older people the impact of excess weight and obesity is stronger than that seen in younger people. Increased efforts in the study of obesity and prevention and treatment of obesity and obesity related disease are required.
Summary
Change of Medical Utilization Claims in Self-employees before and after the Economic Crisis in Korea.
Sin Jae Lee, Ok Ryun Moon, Won Ki Jhang, Soon Ae Choi, Sang Yi Lee, Nam Soon Kim, Baek Geun Jeong
Korean J Prev Med. 2001;34(1):28-34.
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AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
To investigate the changing pattern of medical utilization claims following the economic crisis in Korea. METHODS: The original data consisted of the claims of the 'Medical insurance program of self-employees' between 1997 and 1998. The data was selected by medical treatment day ranging between 1 January and 30 June. Medical utilizations were calculated each year by the frequency of claims, visit days for outpatients, length of stay for inpatients, total days of medication, and the sum of expenses. RESULTS: The length of stay as an inpatient in 1998 was decreased 4.7 percent in comparison to 1997. However, inpatient expenses in 1998 increased 10.8 percent as compared to 1997. Inpatient hospital claims in 1998 increased 6.2 percent over 1997, although general hospital inpatient claims in 1998 decreased 3.3 percent in comparison to 1997. The outpatient claim frequency decreased 7.3 in 1998 percent as compared to 1997. Outpatient visit days of in 1998 were decreased 8.5 percent in comparison to that recorded in 1997. Outpatient claim frequencies of 'gu region' in 1998 decreased 10.5 percent comparison to that in 1997, but 'city and gun region' decreased less than 'gu region'. CONCLUSIONS: Medical utilization in 1998 deceased in relation to 1997. Medical utilization by outpatients decreased more than that of inpatients. Medical utilization by 'gu regio n' decreased more than the other regions.
Summary
Differences in Health Behaviors among the Social Strata in Korea.
Tae Ho Yoon, Ok Ryun Moon, Sang Yi Lee, Baek Geun Jeong, Sin Jae Lee, Nam Sun Kim, Won Ki Jhang
Korean J Prev Med. 2000;33(4):469-476.
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AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
To analyze differences in health behaviors among the social strata in Korea by using the 1995 National Health and Health Behavior Survey Data. METHODS: Study participants numbered 2,352 men and 1,016 women aged between 15-64 years old, with housewives, students and non-waged family workers excluded. Health behaviors in this study were defined according to the recommendations of the Alameda 7 study. The measure of health behaviors was based on the Health Practices Index(HPI; 0-5 range, with the exclusion of snacking between meals and regularly eating breakfast) developed by the Alameda County research. The significance of the relationship between social strata and HPI was assessed by considering the adjusted means from the multi-variate model. RESULTS: For men, incidence rates of never having smoked, no/moderate use of alcohol, regular exercise, and regular 7-8 hours sleep per night were higher in the upper social strata. Meanwhile, for women, incidence rates of never having smoked, no/moderate use of alcohol, appropriate weight, regular exercise, and regular 7-8 hours sleep per night were higher in the upper strata. HPI varied significantly among social strata in both sexes (p<0.001), a result which held true when adjusted for age, education, income, social insurance type, marital status and region. CONCLUSIONS: Health behaviors assessed by Health Practices Index(HPI) varied significantly among social strata for both sexes. Therefore, the existing gap in health behaviors among social strata can be corrected more effectively by target oriented health promotional activities.
Summary
A Study on Service Characteristics of Directors of Health Centers in Korea.
Jae Won Yoo, Ok Ryun Moon, Sang Yi Lee, Chul Woung Kim, Sang Gu Yi
Korean J Prev Med. 1998;31(4):786-800.
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This study has attempted to show general characteristics of health centre directors who have served the post of directorship during the last 40 years. Of 3,000 such health centre directors, information on about 2,500 directors was collected. While average length of service for health center directors has increased, that of vacancy period has decreased. Rural areas have a shorter average length of service than the urban area. Rural areas have twice longer length of vacancy period per health center. Kangwon-do has the longest average length of vacancy period since 1980(2.79 months/year), and Daejeon has the shortest length of vacancy period(0.21 months/year). Chung-buk has no physician directors. The civil servant's rank for the directorship has promoted from the fifth level to the fourth level since 1990. A comparison between the physician director and non-physician director was made as follows : First, the proportion of physician directors had maintained rather high before 1980s ; 62.5% in 1963, 78.3% in 1970, 70.4% in 1980. It decreased to 44.1% in 1990 and 47.6% in 1997. Instead, non-physician directors has abruptly increased since 1980s(12.4% in 1980, 55.4% in 1990 and 50.8% in 1997). Second, physician directors mainly locate in the urban area(58.0% in 1997), but non-physician directors mainly in the rural area(67.2% in 1997). Third, since 1980, the average length of service for physician directors and for non-physician directors has become similar. Fourth, the mean age of physician directors is 45.1 years, and that of non-physician directors 55.7 years. The latter is 10 years older than the former.
Summary
A Study on Estimation of Caring Demand for Extended Care Facilities by Activities of Daily Living.
Chul Woung Kim, Ok Ryun Moon, Sang Yi Lee, Jae Won Yoo, Sang Gu Yi
Korean J Prev Med. 1998;31(3):564-578.
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Most extended care facilities have admitted both the healthy and unhealthy elderly, among which members' average caring demand vary. The Aged Welfare Law, however, currently provides no reasonable basis on the staffing policy for extended care facilities. It just reflects the admitted number of the elderly rather than differences in members' average caring demand among facilities. This study is designed to estimate the need for caring staff on the basis of the correlation between the individual health status measured by various tools including Activities of Daily Living and caring demand by actual service time for each one. The sample included all of the admitted elderly(187 persons) in 4 extended care facilities, two in Seoul and the other two in KangWon-Do over the survey period October 5 through October 20, 1996. The survey process consisted of 3 stages. (1) The current staffing information was collected through self-completed written questionnaires left for head official in each facility. (2) Six graduate students at School of Public Health interviewed all residents to collect information on their health status and sociodemographics. The response rate for the interview was relatively high(85%). (3) Information on direct and indirect caring time consumed for each residents came from self-completed written questionnaires given to nurses and helpers in each target facilities. Analysis of the data was made using Pearson's correlation and multiple regression technique through SAS program. Based on this procedure, the following was found. 1. No facility meet the staffing standard in the Aged Welfare Law completely. 2. It is actual service time that is most correlated with ADL(Activities of daily living). 3. When all of the elderly are divided by four groups based on the level of ADL, the mean values of needed caring time in each group are 15, 21, 36 and 88 minutes respectively. 4. There is no significant difference among facilities in distribution of elderly person by group. 5. No facility meets the estimated number of nurses and helpers which reflects health status of the admitted elderly. Therefore, it is required that severity of the admitted elderly be considered in establishing staffing standard for extended care facility.
Summary
The Possibility of Regional Health Insurance Data in Blueprinting the Local Community Health Plan.
Sang Yi Lee, Chul Woung Kim, Ok Ryun Moon
Korean J Prev Med. 1997;30(4):870-883.
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The health center has to play an important role in promoting community health and satisfying a variety of community health needs and demands in the decentralized Korea. The nearly enacted Community Health Act compels every health center to make its own health plans which intend to deal with local health problems and plan its future health care. This obligation is obviously a big burden to most health centers. They do not have experiences in and abilities of making local health care plans. In order to establish a systematic community health plan, health centers have to concentrate their efforts on enhancing the ability of making health care plan through gathering and analysing the local health informations. However, it is very difficult in reality. This is simply because it will take long time to accomplish these activities. It seems natural that various professionals and researchers participate in carrying out the process of making community health plan in the initial stage. No standardized methodology and analysing framework exist even in the health professional society. Nonetheless, it is common to introduce survey research methodologies in analysing consumer's health care utilization and cost, and in identifying factors influencing health behaviors. Many researchers and professionals have applied social survey methodologies in obtaining information on providers and health policy makers as well. The authors have found that few studies have ever utilized local health data stored at the self-employed medical insurance society as the data source of planning activities. The purpose of this study is to illustrate the usefulness of the data stored at the Sung-Dong Gu Self-employed Medical Insurance Society in establishing the community health plan. The major contents of this study are as follows ; 1. Frequency of utilization by age, area, sex, type of medical care institutions, and some major diseases 2. Medical treatment by type of medical care institutions, by classification of 21 diseases, by frequency of three-character categories 3. Medical treatment of major neoplasm and some chronic diseases by age, sex, and area. The conclusion of this study is that it is of great potentiality to find out the local health problems and to use them in blueprinting the community health plan through comparing the frequency of medical utilization analyzed by a variety of variables with NHI health data or the health data from survey research.
Summary

JPMPH : Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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