Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health

Jang Rak Kim

14 Articles

Factors Associated with Cancer Screening Intention in Eligible Persons for National Cancer Screening Program.: Rock Bum Kim, Ki Soo Park, Dae Yong Hong, Cheol Heon Lee, Jang Rak Kim; J Prev Med Public Health. 2010;43(1):62-72.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2010.43.1.62

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OBJECTIVES
To identify factors associated with cancer screening intention using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). METHODS: Among 55,920 eligible persons for National Cancer Screening Program (NCSP) in J city, 1,100 individuals were contacted. Of these, 797 were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Thirty-six responses were excluded due to incomplete data. The remaining 761 completed questionnaires were analyzed to find factors associated with cancer screening intention. RESULTS: Cancer screening intention was significantly associated with behavioral attitude (p<0.01) and subjective norm (p<0.01), but not with perceived behavioral control (p=0.29) in the TPB model. These three constructs explained 29.7% of cancer screening intention in multiple linear regression analysis. External factors such as socio-demographic status, health and health behavior variables explained 8.9% of screening intention. Among them, household monthly income, past cancer screening experience, exercise and daily eating habit were significantly associated with screening intention. CONCLUSIONS: Cancer screening intention may be influenced by focusing attitude, subjective norm in TPB model and other external factors. However, further studies are warranted to identify factors influencing cancer screening intention and behavior.

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Structural Equation Modeling Analysis on Health Literacy and Cancer Prevention Behaviors among Medically-Underserved, Low-Income Populations
Eun Jin Kim, Su Hyun Kim
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Factors Associated with Health Check-up and Cancer Screening Participation among Family Caregivers of Patients with Dementia: A Cross-Sectional Study
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Factors Affecting Cancer Screening Behavior in the Elderly : Based on Andersen's Model and Health Belief Model
Hee-Jung Kim, Mi-jin Yu
The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing.2020; 23(1): 58. CrossRef
A Structural Equation Modeling of Prostate Cancer Screening Intention
Ji Hye Jeong, Nam Hee Park
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2019; 30(4): 471. CrossRef
Factors related to cancer screening behaviors
Boyoung Choi, Tae Rim Um, Kwang-Soo Lee
Epidemiology and Health.2018; 40: e2018011. CrossRef
Developing the High-Risk Drinking Scorecard Model in Korea
Jun-Tae Han, Il-Su Park, Suk-Bok Kang, Byeong-Gyu Seo
Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2018; 9(5): 231. CrossRef
Extending the Theory of Planned Behavior to examine the role of anticipated negative emotions on channel intention: The case of an embarrassing product
Juan Carlos Londono, Keri Davies, Jonathan Elms
Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services.2017; 36: 8. CrossRef
Participation inequality in the National General Health Examination based on enterprise size
Young Joong Kang, Jong Heun Park, Huisu Eom, Bohwa Choi, Seyoung Lee, Ji-Won Lee, Jun-Pyo Myong
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
Perception about Age at the Start and End of Periodic Health Examinations: a Survey-based Study on University Hospital in Korea
Sujeong Shin, Yun-Mi Song, Hyeonyoung Ko, Yoon-Ho Choi, Woo Yong Lee, Son Mi Chung, Sunyoung Park, Insub Kim, Jinyoung Shin
Korean Journal of Health Promotion.2017; 17(3): 161. CrossRef
The Relationship between Cancer Screening Rates and Promotional Methods in Incheon Metropolitan City
Jong Doo Kim
Health Policy and Management.2016; 26(4): 382. CrossRef
Factors Influencing the of Middle-Aged Men the NCSP(National Cancer Screening Program)
Geum-Ja Park, Kyoung-Min Lim, Sook-Nam Kim
The Korean Journal of Health Service Management.2016; 10(3): 51. CrossRef
Development of Mono Layer Cell Adsorption Apparatus to Create a Slide for Microscopic Diagnosis
H.Y. Oh, M.G. Mun, S.H. Kim, D.W. Kim, S.M. Kang, R.G. Sung, H.C. Kim
Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research.2015; 36(1): 1. CrossRef
Health Screening among HBV Carriers in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey V (KNHANES V)
Hyung Eun Son, Sun Jae Jung, Aesun Shin
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention.2015; 16(9): 3653. CrossRef
Diabetes Mellitus and Site-specific Colorectal Cancer Risk in Korea: A Case-control Study
Hyeongtaek Woo, Jeeyoo Lee, Jeonghee Lee, Ji Won Park, Sungchan Park, Jeongseon Kim, Jae Hwan Oh, Aesun Shin
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2015; 49(1): 45. CrossRef
Factors Influencing Cancer Rescreening Intention of Korean Elderly
Hee-Jung Kim
The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing.2015; 18(2): 118. CrossRef
Intending to Shop in Single versus Multi-Channels: A Theory of Planned Behaviour-Based Explanation
Juan Carlos Londono
SSRN Electronic Journal.2015;[Epub] CrossRef
Factors Influencing the Health Examination in Unmarried Women
Ju Young Ha, Ji Hyang Youn, Yeong Suk Lee, Hyun Jung Lee
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2014; 20(1): 92. CrossRef
Health-Promotion and Disease-Prevention Behaviors of Primary-Care Practitioners
Hwa-Yeon Seong, Eal-Whan Park, Yoo-Seock Cheong, Eun-Young Choi, Ki-Sung Kim, Sang-Wook Seo
Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2014; 35(1): 19. CrossRef
Awareness of Pap testing and factors associated with intent to undergo Pap testing by level of sexual experience in unmarried university students in Korea: results from an online survey
Hae Won Kim
BMC Women's Health.2014;[Epub] CrossRef
What Factors Cause a Complete Examination of Infant Health Checkup?
Seungjin Kang, Woojin Chung, Heejin Kim, Sunmi Lee
Health Policy and Management.2014; 24(3): 261. CrossRef
Breast cancer screening rates-related factors Korea women ever considering area environmental characteristics: The fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(KNHANES IV)
Mi-Hwa Lee, Sang-Hyun Kim
Journal of Digital Convergence.2014; 12(11): 437. CrossRef
Factors Affecting Cancer Screening Intention and Behavior of the Korean Elderly
Hee-Jung Kim, Hyun-Woo Yim, Nam-Cho Kim
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention.2014; 15(19): 8461. CrossRef
The Relationship between Socioeconomic Status and Gastric Cancer Screening in the Population of a Metropolitan Area
Hyun-Suk Oh, Sun A Kim, Sun-Seog Kweon, Jung-Ae Rhee, So-Yeon Ryu, Min-Ho Shin
Journal of agricultural medicine and community health.2013; 38(3): 174. CrossRef
Regional Factors Associated with Participation in the National Health Screening Program: A Multilevel Analysis Using National Data
Hyung-Kook Yang, Dong-Wook Shin, Seung-Sik Hwang, Juwhan Oh, Be-Long Cho
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2013; 28(3): 348. CrossRef
Factors Associated with Cancer Screening Rates of Manufacturing Workers
Su Ho Park, Chang Hee Kim, Eun Kyung Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2013; 22(3): 179. CrossRef
Relationships between Knowledge about Early Detection, Cancer Risk Perception and Cancer Screening Tests in the General Public Aged 40 and Over
Young Hee Yang
Asian Oncology Nursing.2012; 12(1): 52. CrossRef
Attitudes et perception de contrôle des personnes âgées envers la prise de médicaments à action anxiolytique, sédative et hypnotique (ASH)
Marilyn Guindon, Philippe Cappeliez
Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement.2011; 30(1): 113. CrossRef
Use Characteristics of Health Examinations Services from Health Insurance Subscribers
Ryoung Choi, Byung-Deog Hwang
The Journal of the Korea Contents Association.2011; 11(2): 331. CrossRef

The Factors Associated with Changes in the Stage of Breast Cancer Screening Behavior among the Woman who are Eligible for the Korean National Cancer Screening Program.: Hyo Kyung Son, Sin Kam, Ki Soo Park, Jang Rak Kim, Rock Bum Kim, Sun Kyun Park; J Prev Med Public Health. 2009;42(2):109-116.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2009.42.2.109

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Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
This study was performed to evaluate the relationships between psychosocial characteristics and changes in the stage of breast cancer screening behavior. METHODS: The 474 study subjects were randomly sampled from 21,459 women (age range, 40-70 years) who were eligible for the Korean National Cancer Screening Program in 2006 in Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do. The information, including behaviors and sociodemographic characteristics, attitudes, subjective norms and self-efficacy, was collected by trained interviewers via home visits. The breast cancer screening stages were grouped as precontemplation, contemplation, action, maintenance and relapse, according to Rakowski. RESULTS: Of the 474 women, 18.8% were in the precontemplation stage, 23.3% were in the contemplation stage, 13.1% were in the action stage, 36.6% were in the maintenance stage, and 8.2% were in the relapse stage. The distribution of stages was associated with attitude, subjective norms and self-efficacy (p for trend<0.01). To investigate the overall relationship between the variables, we conducted a linear structural equation model analysis based on the theory of planned behavior. The subjective norms and self-efficacy influenced the stage of the women's screening behavior. CONCLUSIONS: We should target on self-efficacy about the screening behavior of women by performing timely, thoughtful interventions. The support from family members, friends and other people is crucial for women to undergo breast cancer screening and to improve the breast cancer screening rate.

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Factor structure and internal reliability of cultural belief scales about colorectal cancer screening among Koreans in the Republic of Korea
Shin-Young Lee
BMC Public Health.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Physical activity, social support and participation of women knowledge about cervical cancer screening, the screening attitude multiplicative influence of cervical cancer screening
Yun-Hwa Ko
Journal of Digital Convergence.2016; 14(7): 439. CrossRef
Study on the Factors Related With Intention of Cancer Screening Among Korean Residents
Bong Ki Kim, Heui Sug Jo, Hey Jean Lee
Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health.2015; 27(2): NP2133. CrossRef
Psychosocial predictors of four health‐promoting behaviors for cancer prevention using the stage of change of Transtheoretical Model
Jean H. Choi, Kyong‐Mee Chung, Keeho Park
Psycho-Oncology.2013; 22(10): 2253. CrossRef

The Levels of Psychosocial Stress, Job Stress and Related Factors of Medical Doctors Practicing at Local Clinics.: Moon Kuk Kang, Yune Sik Kang, Jang Rak Kim, Baek Geun Jeong, Ki Soo Park, Sin Kam, Dae Yong Hong; J Prev Med Public Health. 2007;40(2):177-184.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2007.40.2.177

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Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
This study was conducted to investigate the levels of psychosocial stress, job stress and their related factors among medical doctors practicing at local clinics. METHODS: A survey using a self administered questionnaire was administered to 1,456 doctors practicing at private clinics via post for 2 months (2006. 1 - 2006. 3). Psychosocial stress, job stress,demographic factors, job related factors and health related behaviors were investigated. Among the eligible study population, the respondents were 428 doctors (29.4%). RESULTS: The average scores of psychosocial stress and job stress were 2.19 and 3.13, respectively. The levels of psychosocial stress and job stress were statistically lower in older respondents, those who worked shorter or who were more satisfied with their job, and those with higher socioeconomic status. The level of psychosocial stress was related with smoking status, drinking status and exercise. The level of job stress was related with smoking status and exercise. In multiple linear regression analysis using psychosocial stress as a dependent variable, age, working hours per day, job satisfaction and perception on socioeconomic status were significant independent variables. In analysis using job stress as a dependent variable, age, working hours per day and job satisfaction were significant independent variables. CONCLUSIONS: Stress affects the doctor-patient relationship, productivity and overall health level of people. Therefore, it is important to manage and relieve the stress of doctors. It is suggested that more advanced studies on stress level and related factors and ways to improve the stress and health related behaviors of medical doctors should be conducted.

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A Preliminary Study About Occupational Stress and Career Satisfaction of Korean Psychiatrists
Dae yong Sim, Jong Hyuk Choi, Yeong Gi Kyeon
Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association.2022; 61(1): 28. CrossRef
Work–Life Conflict and Its Health Effects on Korean Gastroenterologists According to Age and Sex
Eun Sun Jang, Seon Mee Park, Young Sook Park, Jong Chan Lee, Nayoung Kim
Digestive Diseases and Sciences.2020; 65(1): 86. CrossRef
The effect of mindfulness in motion-based trainings on resiliency, emotion regulation, and job stress
Mohammad Taghi Movassagh, Nasrin Arshadi, Soodabeh Bassaknejad, Kiomars Beshlideh
Journal of Occupational Health and Epidemiology.2019; 8(1): 49. CrossRef
Relationship of Sleep Quality, Physical Stress, Psychological Stress, and Job Stress among Residents
So-Young Yoo, Young-Ah Choi, Young-Kyu Park, Sung-Min Cho, Kyung-Shik Lee, Ga-Young Joo, Hyun Keun Lee
Korean Journal of Health Promotion.2017; 17(1): 9. CrossRef
Correlation of occupational stress with depression, anxiety, and sleep in Korean dentists: cross-sectional study
Kyung-Won Song, Won-Seok Choi, Hee-Jung Jee, Chi-Sung Yuh, Yong-Ku Kim, Leen Kim, Heon-Jeong Lee, Chul-Hyun Cho
BMC Psychiatry.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
Relationship between occupational stress and depressive mood among interns and residents in a tertiary hospital, Seoul, Korea
Keon Kim, Sunhwa Lee, Yoon Hee Choi
Clinical and Experimental Emergency Medicine.2015; 2(2): 117. CrossRef
Stress management and mind-body medicine: focusing on relaxation and meditation
Yune Sik Kang
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2011; 54(3): 284. CrossRef
Mind-Body Approach in the Area of Preventive Medicine: Focusing on Relaxation and Meditation for Stress Management
Yunesik Kang
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2010; 43(5): 445. CrossRef
The Work Related Psychosocial Factor and Disease among Health Professional
Sang Baek Koh
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2010; 53(6): 467. CrossRef
Job Satisfaction, Subjective Class Identification and Associated Factors of Professional Socialization in Korean Physicians
Hyung-Gon Yoon, Seok-Jun Yoon, In-Kyoung Hwang, Yeong-Bae Mun, Hee-Young Lee
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2008; 41(1): 30. CrossRef

Predictors of Smoking Cessation in Outpatients.: Yune Sik Kang, Jang Rak Kim, Joung Soon Jang, Young Sil Hwang, Dae Yong Hong; Korean J Prev Med. 2003;36(3):248-254.

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Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVE
This study was conducted in order to investigate predictors of smoking cessation in outpatients. METHOD: Subjects were 401 adult smoking patients who saw their doctors in the outpatient setting at a university hospital, regardless of their willingness of otherwise in smoking cessation. Physicians delivered a brief, stop smoking prompt to all patients who smoked one or more cigarettes a day. Then they referred to on-site counselors who provided a brief, nurse assisted intervention with a survey to a randomly assigned intervention group (200 smoking patients), whom the counselors telephoned later to prevent relapse or promote the motivation to quit, or gave only a survey to a control group (201 smoking patients). After at least 5 months, self-reported current smoking cessation was confirmed later using cut-off values of 7 ppm or less in expired alveolar air after breath holding portable CO analyzer. RESULTS: After 5 months, subjects in the intervention group were 1.56 times (95% C.I. 0.89-2.73) more likely to quit smoking than those in the non-intervention group (14.0% vs. 9.0%). Willingness to quit smoking in a month, scheduled admission in a month, self efficacy score and FTND (Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence) score were all significantly related with smoking cessation. In stepwise multiple logistic regression, previous attempts to quit smoking were significant instead of self efficacy score. In the intervention group who had willingness to quit smoking in a month (132 smoking patients), FTND score, whether quit date was today, and whether quit promise paper was submitting were all significantly related with smoking cessation. In stepwise multiple logistic regression, scheduled admission in a month and whether quit date was today were significant predictor variables. Smoking cessation treatment should be tailored to individual smoking patients considering these predictors.; Summary

Cohort Study for the Effect of Chronic Noise Exposure on Blood Pressure among Male Workers.: Ji Ho Lee, Tae Joon Cha, Jang Rak Kim, Weechang Kang, Seung Rim Yaang, Choong Ryeol Lee, Cheol In Yoo; Korean J Prev Med. 2002;35(3):205-213.

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Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVE
Whether exposure to chronic noise induces an increase in blood pressure, or the development of hypertension, has not been established. A cohort study was performed to identify the effects of chronic noise exposure on blood pressure. METHODS: 530 males working at a metal manufacturing factory in Busan, Korea were enrolled for the study. They were monitored for 9 consecutive years, from 1991 to 1999, with an annual health check-up. The subjects were divided into 4 groups, which were determines by noise level categories(NLC) according to noise intensity ; NLC-I: office workers, exposed to noise a level below 60dB(A); NLC-II: field technical supporters or supervisors, frequently exposed to workplace noise, wearing no hearing protection device; NLC-III: workers, exposed to workplace noise below 85 dB(A), wearing ear plugs or muffs; NLC-IV: workers, exposed to workplace noise over 85 dB(A), wearing both ear plugs and muffs. RESULTS: After controlling possible confoundens, such as baseline age, smoking, alcohol intake, exercise, family history of hypertension, systolic(SBP) or diastolic blood pressure(DBP) and changes in BMI (body mass index), the pooled mean for the systolic blood pressures, over the duration of the study period, were 3.8mmHg, 2.0mmHg and 1.7mmHg higher in NLC-IV, NLC-III NLC-II groups, respectively, than in the NLC-I group. There were no significant differences in the diastolic blood pressures between the groups. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that chronic noise exposure increases systolic blood pressure independently, among male workers.; Summary

The Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension, and Related Factors in Rural Korea.: Yong Chan Ha, Hyun Ju Chun, Hae Kyoung Hwang, Byung Sung Kim, Jang Rak Kim; Korean J Prev Med. 2000;33(4):513-520.

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Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
To estimate the prevalence of hypertension, rates of awareness, treatment modalities, and control of hypertension, and also to identify factors in rural Korea that are related to these aspects of hypertension. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey, including blood pressure(BP) measurements and interviews, investigating the variables in the health belief model was performed from August to November, 1999 on 1,426 (79.4%) study subjects out of 1,797 registered residents over 30 years old in Ibansong-Myun, Chinju City. A second survey was performed from January to March, 2000 on 376 (80.0%) subjects out of 470 hypertensive (or suspected hypertensive) subjects found in the first survey. Two BP readings were taken in each survey using a standard mercury sphygmomanometer. Hypertension was defined as either a BP reading < 140/90 mmHg in both surveys, or as subjects on oral hypertensive medication. RESULTS: Estimated hypertension prevalence was 24.9% for men, and 30.4% for women. Rates of hypertension awareness, treatment (the regular use of oral hypertensives), and control (reduction of BP to <140/90 mmHg) were 52.5%, 34.4%, and 12.9%, respectively. The factors related to lower hypertension awareness in the logistic regression analysis were male gender, farming occupation, and higher perceived barrier to medical treatment (those for whom visiting health professionals is a burden). CONCLUSIONS: To improve the low awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension, a more active and out-reaching hypertension control program, including routine BP measurements for every visitor to primary care facilities, is needed in rural Korea.; Summary

Physical Fitness, Leisure Time Physical Activity, and Serum Lipid Levels in Middle-Aged Male Workers .: Jang Rak Kim, Bock Dong Nam, Ju Ho Kim, Song Kwan Lee, Joong Kap Moon, Jang Ho Lee, Dae Yong Hong; Korean J Prev Med. 1996;29(2):173-186.

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Abstract PDF: This is a cross-sectional study to evaluate the relationships between physical fitness, leisure time physical activity, and serum lipid levels in middle-aged male workers. Physical fitness was measured by a step test score, and leisure time physical activity was self-reported on a questionnaire. Serum total cholesterol was negatively related to physical fitness(r=-0.27), and positively to obesity index(r=0.27). But leisure time physical activity was related to total cholesterol negatively(r.-0.20) only in subjects whose total cholesterol levels were above 170mg/dl. High density lipoprotein(HDL) cholesterol was positively related to physical faintness(r=0.15), negatively to obesity index(r=-0.22), and positively to weekly alcohol consumption(r=0.14). Total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio was related to physical fitness(r=-0.23), obesity index(r=0.32), total cigarette index (r=0.13), weekly alcohol consumption(r=-0.13), and vegetable preference(r=0.13) physical fitness was also related to leisure time physical activity(r=0.19) and obesity index(r=-0.18). In multiple linear regression models, physical fitness(beta= -0.23) and obesity index(beta=0.18) were significantly associated with total cholesterol, obesity index(beta=-0.25) with HDL cholesterol, and obesity index(beta=0.30), physical fitness(beta= -0.16) and vegetable preference (beta=0.14) with total cholesterol HDL cholesterol ratio. In conclusion, as physical fitness has a stronger relationship with serum lipid levels than leisure time physical activity, and the association between physical fitness and leisure time physical activity is modest, physical fitness should be added as an important variable in addition to activity in future epidemiologic studies.; Summary

A Hospital-based Case-control Study on the Risk Factors of Cerebrovascular Disease.: Jang Rak Kim, Dae Yong Hong, Sung Hak Park; Korean J Prev Med. 1995;28(2):473-486.

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Abstract PDF: A hospital-based, matched case-control study was carried out to evaluate the relation ship of various suspected risk factors including snoring and serum level of cholesterol to cerebrovascular disease in Korea. A total of 127 incident cases of cerebrovascular disease(74 cases of cerebral infarction and 53 cases of intracerebral hemorrhage) admitted to the department of neurology in a university hospital from December, 1993 to March, 1995 were compared with 127 matched controls admitted to same hospital in same period. A multivariate analysis suggested that ECG abnormality(left ventricular hypertophy and atrial fibrillation), family history of cerebrovascular disease, fundoscopic abnormality, previous history of transient ischemic attack and hypercholesterolemia were risk factors of cerebrovascular disease. ECG abnormality, fundoscopic abnormality, smoking and hypercholesterolemia were also suggested as risk factors of cerebral infarction.; Summary

Serum Pepsinogen Levels as a Screening Test of Gastric Cancer and Adenoma in Korea.: Jang Rak Kim, Jin Hak Choi, Young Chai Kim, Ok Jae Lee, Kyu Il Cho, Han Woo Lee, Dae Yong Hong; Korean J Prev Med. 1994;27(4):677-692.

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Abstract PDF: To evaluate the validity of serum pepsinogen levels as a screening tool for gastric cancer and adenoma, immunoradiometric assays of serum pepsinogen I level (PG I), II level (PG II) and esphagogastroduodenal endoscopies were done in 757 health examlnees. Serum PG I level was higher in subjects with active duodenal ulcer (n=45, 75.2+/-34.3 microgram/l(mean+/-standard deviation), p<0.01) and gastroduodenal ulcers (n=8,756+/-19.8 microgram/l, p<0.05), and was lower in those with gastric adenoma (n=4,37.7+/-37.2 microgram/l, p<0.2) than those with normal, mild gastritis findings or ulcer scars (n=378, 56.6+/-24.9 microgram/l). Serum PG II level las higher in subjects with active duodenal ulcer (17.2+/-13.8 microgram/l, p<0.2), active gastro-duodenal ulcers (l8.3+/-7.4 microgram/l, p<0.2) and gastric carcinoma (n=3, 23.8+/-10.9 microgram/l, p<0.05) than those with normal, mild gastritis findings or ulcer scars (14.5+/-7.9 microgram/l). Serum PG I/PG 11 ratio was higher in subjects with active duodenal ulcer (5.1+/-1.6, p<0.05) and was lower in those with chronic gastritis (n=107, 4.1+/-1.7, p<0.05), gastric polyp (n=19, 3.9+/-1.4, p<0.2), gastric adenoma (n=4, 2.1+/-1.9, p<0.01) and gastric carcinoma (n=3, 2.7+/-1.2, p<0.1) than those with normal, mild gastritis findings or ulcer scars (4.5+/-1.7). Serum PG 11 level increased with age until 6th decade, whereas serum PG I/PG II ratio decreased with age in 378 subjects with normal, mild gastritis findings or ulcer scars. The screening criteria of serum PG I<70 microgram/l and PG I/PG II ratio<3.0 for detecting gastric cancer and adenorna gave a positive rate of 15.7%, sensitivity of 57.1% and specificity of 84.7%.; Summary

Prenatal care utilization pattern and its determinants in rural Korea.: Jang Rak Kim, Jung Han Park, Jae Kyong Lee, Sang Hong Seo, Joon Yong Bang; Korean J Prev Med. 1993;26(4):599-613.

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Abstract PDF: To study the pattern of prenatal care utilization and its determinants in rural Korea, 976 mothers(65.5%) out of 1,489 living mothers in Chinyang, Sachon and Hapchon Counties in Kyongsangnam Province who had delivered a baby between July 1, 1990 and June 30, 1991 were interviewed by the Myon health workers from January 3 through February 15, 1992. The Andersen's behavioral model for health service utilization was applied to develop the frames for analysis. The dependent variable was a number of prenatal care visits. And the independent variables included in the model were the variables pertaining to the predisposing, enabling, medical need and other components. The proportion of mother who had ever received the prenatal care service for the index pregnancy was 97.3%. However, the proportion of mothers who had made more than 10 visits was only 20.6%, which indicated that majority of mothers had paid far less visits than recommended 10~12 visits for each normal pregnancy. The low utilization of prenatal care services(none or less than 4 visits) was related to mother's low educational level, the high birth order, beneficiary of the medical aid, the absence of clinic in the community, no diagnosed disease of mother during pregnancy, and mothers engaged in farming. Inequity of access seemed to exist because social structure variables and the variables of enabling component were important predictors. And there seemed to be high mutability in equalizing the distribution of prenatal care services because the variables of enabling component such as type of medical security and whether there was a clinic or not in the community were substantially important.; Summary

Cohort Infant Mortality Rate of Gunwee and Hapchun Counties and an MCH Center in Taegu.: Jung Han Park, Min Hae Yeh, Byung Yeol Chun, Sung Euk Cho, Hyun Kim, Han Jin Chung, Jae Yeon Cho, Jung Hub Song, Gui Yeon Kim, Jang Rak Kim; Korean J Prev Med. 1990;23(1):87-97.

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.; Summary

Comparative Analysis of Delivery Management in Various Medical Facilities.: Jung Han Park, Young Sook You, Jang Rak Kim; Korean J Prev Med. 1989;22(4):555-577.

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Abstract PDF: This study was conducted to compare the delivery management including laboratory tests, medication and surgical procedures for the delivery in various medical facilities. Two university hospitals, two general hospitals, three hospitals, two private obstetric clinics, and two midwifery clinics in a large city were selected as they permitted the investigators to abstract the required data from the medical and accounting records. The total number of deliveries occurred at these 11 facilities between 15 January and 15 February, 1989 was 789 among which 606(76.8%) were vaginal deliveries and 183(23.3%) were C-sections. For the normal vaginal deliveries, CBC, Hb/Hct level, blood typing, VDRL, hepatitis B antigen and antibody, and urinalysis were routinely done except the private clinics and midwifery clinics which did not test for hepatitis B and Hb/Hct level at all. In one university hospital ultrasonography was performed in 71.4% of the mothers and in one general hospital liver function test was done in 76.7% of the mothers. For the C-section, chest X-ray, bleeding / clotting time and liver function test were routinely done in addition to the routine tests for the normal vaginal deliveries. Episiotomy was performed in 97.2% of the vaginal deliveries. The type and duration of fluid infused and antibiotics administered showed a wide variation among the medical facilities. In one university hospital antibiotics was not administered after C-section at all while in the general hospitals and hospitals one or two antibiotics were administered for one week on the average. In one private clinic one pint of whole blood was transfused routinely. A wide variation was observed among the medical facilities in the use of vitamin, hemostatics, oxytocics, antipyreptics, analgesics, anti-inflammatory agents, sedatives, digestives, stool softeners, antihistamines, and diuretics. Mean hospital day for the norma vaginal deliveries of primipara was 2.6 days with little variation except one hospital with 3.5 days. Mean hospital day for the C-section of primipara was 7.5 days and that of multipara was 7.6 days and it ranged between 6.5 days and 9.4 days. Average hospital fee for a normal vaginal delivery without the medical insurance coverage was 182,100 Won for the primipara and 167,300 Won for the multipara. In case of the primipara covered by the medical insurance a mother paid 82,400 Won and a multiparous mother paid 75,600 Won. Average hospital fee for a C-section without the medical insurance was 946,500 Won for the primipara and 753,800 Won for the multipara. In case of the primipara covered by the medical insurance a mother paid 256,200 Won and a multiparous mother paid 253,700 Won. Average hospital fee for a normal vaginal delivery in the university hospitals showed a remarkable difference, 268,000 Won vs 350,000 Won, as well as for the C-section. A wide variation in the laboratory tests performed for a normal vaginal delivery and a C-section as well as in the medication and hospital days brought about a big difference in the hospital fee and some hospitals were practicing the case payment system. Thus, standardization of the medical care to a certain level is warranted for the provision of adequate medical care for delivery.; Summary

Association between Serum HBeAg Status and Tuberculosis Infection.: Jang Rak Kim, Jung Han Park; Korean J Prev Med. 1989;22(1):65-70.

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Abstract PDF: To examine the association between serum HBeAg status and tuberculosis infection, we reviewed medical records of 579 inpatients who had serum HBeAg test with RIA method at the Department of Nuclear Medicine of Kyungpook University Hospital from January 1, 1985 to December 31, 1987. HBeAg positive patients had lower tuberculosis infection rate (5.0%) than that of HBeAg negative patients(9.8%) and the odds ratio of HBeAg associated with tuberculosis was 0.48(95% C.I.:0.22-1.08). Similar relationship was found in the patients of hepatobiliary diseases; tuberculosis infection rate was 4.4% in HBeAg positive patients, 8.1% in HBeAg negative patients, and the odds ratio was 0.52(95% C.I.:0.17-1.35). Although the association did not reach the statistical significance level of 0.05, the negative association was consistent with other study done on Southeast Asian population of Philadelphia. A cohort study in general population is warranted to confirm above findings because of the limitations on hopital-based data.; Summary

Birth Registration Rate and Accuracy of Reported Birth Date in Rural Area.: Jung Han Park, Chang Yik Lee, Jang Rak Kim, Jung Hup Song, Min Hae Yeh, Seong Eok Cho; Korean J Prev Med. 1988;21(1):70-81.

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Abstract PDF: To measure the birth registration rate and the validity of birth registration data in rural area, all of the 4,014 married women under 49 years of age who had not been sterilized in Gunwee county of Kyungpook province were followed by Myun health workers for 2 years from April 1, 1985 to March 31, 1987 and 766 births were detected. All of the birth registration records of Myun offices were reviewed on September 30, 1987 and 944 births which occurred within the above mentioned period were found. Actual birth date obtained by follow-up study were compared with the birth date on registration card. Among 766 births detected by follow-up study, 576 births(75.2%) which were reported within 6 months after birth were ascertained on the official registration records and 96 births(12.5%) were not found on the records although mother stated that the birth was registered. The registration rate within legal due date was 61.3% among 576 births detected by follow-up study and also ascertained on the official records. The registration rate within legal due date was lower in mothers under 20 years of age and above 35 years and in mothers who had only primary education. It was decreased as the birth order increased. The registration rate was higher in births occurred from October to March than births occurred from April to September. All of the births of 7 neonatal deaths were not reported. The registered birth date was consistent with the actual birth date in 78.0%. Birth date on record was earlier than the actual birth date in 6.8% and later in 15.3%. The consistency rate was lower in mothers above 35 years of age(54.5%), and in infants of 4th birth order and above(56.3%). The rate was increased as the maternal education level increased. The rate of boys was higher than that of girls. A higher percentage(17.4%) of infants born in March was registered with earlier date than the actual birth date and most of these registered birth dates were lunar calendar date. This might be related with the age for entering the primary school. The study findings revealed that the birth registration rate within legal due date and accuracy of report have been increased in recent years, but the infant mortality rate derived from the birth registration seems to be very inaccurate. It is suggested to let the medical personnel who delivered the baby report the birth by mail directly to the current address of parent while infants delivered at home without professional attendant may comply with the present registration system.; Summary

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