Table 1.Characteristics of South Korean career soldiers according to NHIC data: 2002-2008
|
Follow-up year |
Men (n = 38 857)
|
Women (n = 2136)
|
|
Mean |
SD |
% |
Mean |
SD |
% |
Age (y) |
2002 |
34.0 |
8.1 |
|
34.8 |
7.6 |
|
Weight (kg) |
2002 |
71.1 |
8.8 |
|
55.6 |
7.2 |
|
|
2004 |
71.9 |
9.1 |
|
55.8 |
7.2 |
|
|
2006 |
72.7 |
9.2 |
|
56.1 |
7.2 |
|
|
2008 |
73.2 |
9.3 |
|
56.4 |
7.3 |
|
Frequency of physical activity (times per wk) |
2002 |
2.0 |
1.7 |
|
1.1 |
1.6 |
|
2004 |
2.1 |
1.8 |
|
1.2 |
1.7 |
|
|
2006 |
1.9 |
1.7 |
|
1.2 |
1.7 |
|
|
2008 |
2.1 |
1.7 |
|
1.3 |
1.8 |
|
Proportion of physical activity more than three times per week (%) |
2002 |
|
|
28.39 |
|
|
4.54 |
2004 |
|
|
30.09 |
|
|
4.91 |
|
2006 |
|
|
27.47 |
|
|
5.15 |
|
2008 |
|
|
31.11 |
|
|
6.23 |
BMI (kg/m2) |
2002 |
24.1 |
2.7 |
|
21.9 |
2.7 |
|
|
2004 |
24.3 |
2.7 |
|
22.0 |
2.7 |
|
|
2006 |
24.6 |
2.7 |
|
22.1 |
2.6 |
|
|
2008 |
24.7 |
2.7 |
|
22.2 |
2.7 |
|
Table 2.Changes in average BMI by age and sex among South Korean career soldiers: 2002-2008
Sex |
Age |
N |
% |
2002
|
2004
|
2006
|
2008
|
Mean |
SD |
Mean |
SD |
Mean |
SD |
Mean |
SD |
Men (n = 38857) |
20 - 29 |
14576 |
37.51 |
23.5 |
2.7 |
24.0 |
2.9 |
24.5 |
2.9 |
24.7 |
3.0 |
|
30 - 39 |
13183 |
33.93 |
24.3 |
2.7 |
24.5 |
2.7 |
24.7 |
2.7 |
24.8 |
2.7 |
|
40 - 49 |
10111 |
26.02 |
24.5 |
2.5 |
24.5 |
2.5 |
24.6 |
2.5 |
24.7 |
2.5 |
|
50 - 59 |
987 |
2.54 |
24.3 |
2.5 |
24.3 |
2.4 |
24.4 |
2.4 |
24.3 |
2.4 |
Women (n = 2136) |
20 - 29 |
640 |
29.96 |
21.3 |
2.5 |
21.4 |
2.6 |
21.5 |
2.6 |
21.6 |
2.6 |
|
30 - 39 |
836 |
39.14 |
21.7 |
2.6 |
21.8 |
2.6 |
22.0 |
2.6 |
22.1 |
2.6 |
|
40 - 49 |
582 |
27.25 |
22.6 |
2.6 |
22.7 |
2.5 |
22.7 |
2.5 |
22.9 |
2.6 |
|
50 - 59 |
78 |
3.65 |
24.2 |
3.2 |
24.3 |
3.3 |
24.2 |
3.2 |
24.3 |
3.3 |
Table 3.Changes in distributions among BMI categories by sex among career soldiers: 2002- 2008 n (%)
Sex |
BMI |
2002 (A) |
2004 |
2006 |
2008 (B) |
% change (B - A) |
Men (n = 38 857) |
Underweight (< 18.5) |
339 (0.87) |
320 (0.82) |
235 (0.60) |
238 (0.61) |
-0.26 |
|
Normal (18.5 - 22.9) |
13603 (35.01) |
12205 (31.41) |
10842 (27.90) |
10152 (26.31) |
-8.70 |
|
Overweight (23 - 24.9) |
11391 (29.32) |
11510 (29.62) |
11468 (29.51) |
11404 (29.35) |
0.03 |
|
Obese I (25 - 29.9) |
12702 (32.69) |
13764 (35.42) |
15046 (38.72) |
15641 (40.25) |
7.56 |
|
Obesity II (≥ 30) |
822 (2.11) |
1058 (2.72) |
1266 (3.26) |
1422 (3.66) |
1.55 |
Women (n = 2136) |
Underweight (< 18.5) |
151 (7.07) |
146 (6.84) |
133 (6.23) |
112 (5.24) |
-1.83 |
|
Normal (18.5 - 22.9) |
1367 (64.00) |
1342 (62.83) |
1322 (61.89) |
1297 (60.72) |
-3.28 |
|
Overweight (23 - 24.9) |
365 (17.09) |
382 (17.88) |
389 (18.21) |
443 (20.74) |
3.65 |
|
Obese I (25 - 29.9) |
229 (10.72) |
246 (11.52) |
273 (12.78) |
253 (11.84) |
1.12 |
|
Obese II (≥ 30) |
24 (1.13) |
20 (0.94) |
19 (0.89) |
31 (1.45) |
0.32 |
Table 4.Trends (b) in physical activitya and time-age interactionsb from linear mixed model: 2002-2008
|
Men (n = 38 857)
|
Women (n = 2136)
|
|
b |
95% CI
|
Pr > |t | |
b |
95% CI
|
Pr > |t | |
|
Lower bound |
Upper bound |
Lower bound |
Upper bound |
Intercept |
22.33 |
22.21 |
22.44 |
<0.01 |
18.73 |
18.21 |
19.25 |
<0.01 |
Examination time |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002 vs. 2004 |
1.06 |
1.00 |
1.12 |
<0.01 |
0.20 |
-0.11 |
0.50 |
0.20 |
2002 vs. 2006 |
2.01 |
1.94 |
2.07 |
<0.01 |
0.44 |
0.11 |
0.77 |
<0.01 |
2002 vs. 2008 |
2.55 |
2.48 |
2.61 |
<0.01 |
0.47 |
0.12 |
0.81 |
<0.01 |
Frequency of physical activity per week |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 vs. 1 - 2 |
0.02 |
0.03 |
0.03 |
0.02 |
-0.05 |
-0.16 |
0.02 |
0.18 |
0 vs. 3 - 4 |
-0.07 |
-0.08 |
-0.05 |
<0.01 |
-0.19 |
-0.29 |
-0.10 |
<0.01 |
0 vs. 5 - 6 |
-0.19 |
-0.22 |
-0.15 |
<0.01 |
-0.30 |
-0.48 |
-0.11 |
<0.01 |
0 vs. 7 |
-0.21 |
-0.24 |
-0.18 |
<0.01 |
-0.30 |
-0.49 |
-0.12 |
<0.01 |
Examination time-baseline age interaction |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002 vs. 2004 |
-0.02 |
-0.03 |
-0.02 |
<0.01 |
0.00 |
-0.01 |
0.01 |
0.42 |
2002 vs. 2006 |
-0.04 |
-0.05 |
-0.04 |
<0.01 |
-0.01 |
-0.02 |
0.00 |
0.12 |
2002 vs. 2008 |
-0.06 |
-0.06 |
-0.05 |
<0.01 |
0.00 |
-0.01 |
0.01 |
0.35 |
Baseline age |
0.05 |
0.05 |
0.06 |
<0.01 |
0.09 |
0.08 |
0.11 |
<0.01 |
Table 5.Actual and estimated changes in BMI adjusted by relevant variables among career soldiers: 2002-2008
Sex |
Age |
2002 |
2004 |
2006 |
2008 |
Estimates of change during 6 years |
95% CI
|
Pr > |t | |
Lower bound |
Upper bound |
Men (n = 38857) |
20 - 29 |
23.54 |
24.01 |
24.45 |
24.70 |
1.16 |
1.14 |
1.18 |
<0.01 |
|
30 - 39 |
24.05 |
24.29 |
24.53 |
24.66 |
0.61 |
0.60 |
0.62 |
<0.01 |
|
40 - 49 |
24.57 |
24.57 |
24.61 |
24.63 |
0.05 |
0.03 |
0.08 |
<0.01 |
|
50 - 59 |
25.09 |
24.85 |
24.69 |
24.59 |
-0.50 |
-0.54 |
-0.46 |
<0.01 |
Women (n = 2136) |
20 - 29 |
20.90 |
21.01 |
21.15 |
21.25 |
0.35 |
0.23 |
0.47 |
<0.01 |
|
30 - 39 |
21.83 |
21.90 |
22.01 |
22.13 |
0.30 |
0.23 |
0.38 |
<0.01 |
|
40 - 49 |
22.76 |
22.80 |
22.87 |
23.02 |
0.26 |
0.13 |
0.38 |
<0.01 |
|
50 - 59 |
23.69 |
23.70 |
23.73 |
23.91 |
0.21 |
0.00 |
0.42 |
0.05 |