Figure 1Typical activity programs offered by the senior canter.
Table 1.Demographic characteristics of participants n (%)
|
Participants
|
χ2
|
|
Use senior center |
Not use senior center |
Gender |
|
|
014.04†
|
Male |
29 (19.3) |
54 (39.4) |
|
Female |
121 (80.7) |
83 (60.6) |
|
Age (y) |
|
|
024.99†
|
65 - 69 |
49 (32.5) |
78 (56.9) |
|
70 - 74 |
73 (48.3) |
29 (21.2) |
|
75 + |
29 (19.2) |
30 (20.9) |
|
Education |
|
|
5.04 |
Middle school over |
55 (42.3) |
57 (41.6) |
|
Elementary school |
66 (50.8) |
59 (43.1) |
|
Not school |
9 (6.9) |
21 (15.3) |
|
Family status |
|
|
114.38†
|
Living alone |
35 (27.8) |
46 (33.6) |
|
Spouse olny |
70 (55.6) |
0 (0.0) |
|
Other famaily or relative |
21 (15.7) |
91 (66.4) |
|
Monthly income (KRW) |
|
|
018.07†
|
< 999 999 |
97 (83.6) |
81 (59.1) |
|
≥1 000 000 |
19 (16.4) |
56 (40.9) |
|
BMI (kg/m2) |
|
|
5.54 |
< 18.4 |
3 (1.9) |
6 (4.4) |
|
18.5 - 24.9 |
103 (66.9) |
74 (54.0) |
|
≥ 25.0 |
45 (31.2) |
57 (41.6) |
|
Physical activity (MET-min/wk) |
|
|
053.55†
|
< 1500 |
44 (28.6) |
98 (71.5) |
|
≥1500 |
110 (71.4) |
39 (28.5) |
|
Present illness |
|
|
1.76 |
Yes |
32 (26.0) |
46 (33.6) |
|
No |
91 (74.0) |
91 (66.4) |
|
Table 2.Mean SF-36 scores for study participants: univariate analysis by demographic characteristics and health-related characteristics (Mean±SD)
|
PF |
RP |
BP |
GH |
VT |
SF |
RE |
MH |
Gender |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Male |
84.4 ± 11.4 |
91.4 ± 14.6 |
85.4 ± 18.9 |
67.3 ± 16.9 |
68.6 ± 13.6 |
93.6 ± 12.9 |
96.2 ± 8.1 |
80.2 ± 10.0 |
Female |
70.8 ± 20.8 |
91.4 ± 23.9 |
66.7 ± 27.2 |
51.4 ± 23.3 |
57.7 ± 19.3 |
81.5 ± 23.0 |
83.3 ± 18.3 |
69.4 ± 15.8 |
p-value |
< 0.001 |
< 0.001 |
< 0.001 |
< 0.001 |
< 0.001 |
< 0.001 |
< 0.001 |
< 0.001 |
Age (y) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
65 - 69 |
77.6 ± 17.0 |
84.7 ± 18.2 |
73.3 ± 24.4 |
59.3 ± 22.2 |
62.4 ± 17.9 |
85.9 ± 19.7 |
89.8 ± 13.9 |
73.3 ± 15.4 |
70 - 74 |
72.0 ± 21.9 |
78.6 ± 26.9 |
73.3 ± 29.6 |
52.9 ± 23.1 |
61.2 ± 19.4 |
84.0 ± 23.9 |
84.8 ± 21.3 |
72.3 ± 15.6 |
75 + |
70.4 ± 21.3 |
77.7 ± 27.4 |
67.4 ± 27.0 |
52.0 ± 23.1 |
56.1 ± 18.2 |
84.3 ± 21.8 |
83.1 ± 17.3 |
71.1 ± 14.0 |
p-value |
0.061 |
0.137 |
0.489 |
0.122 |
0.204 |
0.848 |
0.064 |
0.727 |
Education |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Middle school |
82.2 ± 14.0 |
86.2 ± 18.9 |
80.5 ± 22.9 |
64.2 ± 18.3 |
67.0 ± 14.9 |
90.2 ± 16.2 |
91.0 ± 14.7 |
78.0 ± 11.5 |
Elementary school |
69.4 ± 21.8 |
78.6 ± 24.7 |
64.7 ± 27.1 |
51.8 ± 24.5 |
57.0 ± 20.3 |
80.3 ± 25.1 |
85.0 ± 18.1 |
69.2 ± 17.1 |
Not school |
64.3 ± 20.2 |
73.9 ± 24.3 |
64.5 ± 28.1 |
39.0 ± 19.6 |
50.3 ± 17.0 |
80.7 ± 21.1 |
79.1 ± 18.3 |
62.9 ± 13.0 |
p-value |
< 0.001 |
0.017 |
< 0.001 |
< 0.001 |
< 0.001 |
0.006 |
0.003 |
< 0.001 |
Family status |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Living alone |
66.6 ± 23.6 |
73.9 ± 25.9 |
63.0 ± 29.3 |
46.0 ± 17.6 |
53.1 ± 21.1 |
77.5 ± 25.3 |
81.6 ± 17.3 |
63.8 ± 17.7 |
Spouse only |
80.8 ± 13.8 |
84.8 ± 13.9 |
75.0 ± 25.7 |
60.0 ± 17.6 |
66.4 ± 12.6 |
87.8 ± 17.5 |
88.1 ± 13.2 |
74.1 ± 11.2 |
Other famaily or relative |
77.6 ± 17.1 |
85.1 ± 21.7 |
76.6 ± 23.6 |
60.6 ± 21.1 |
63.5 ± 17.2 |
88.5 ± 18.8 |
90.0 ± 17.4 |
77.2 ± 12.4 |
p-value |
< 0.001 |
0.006 |
0.006 |
< 0.001 |
< 0.001 |
0.005 |
0.010 |
< 0.001 |
Monthly income (KRW) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
< 999999 |
74.0 ± 20.2 |
80.4 ± 23.4 |
69.5 ± 27.6 |
53.5 ± 22.3 |
58.6 ± 18.9 |
84.0 ± 22.3 |
84.7 ± 17.9 |
69.9 ± 15.4 |
≥1000000 |
76.7 ± 17.9 |
84.2 ± 20.1 |
77.8 ± 22.9 |
61.6 ± 22.9 |
65.7 ± 16.7 |
87.2 ± 18.8 |
92.2 ± 13.8 |
78.3 ± 13.0 |
p-value |
0.357 |
0.275 |
0.042 |
0.022 |
0.013 |
0.325 |
0.005 |
< 0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
< 24.9 |
75.7 ± 18.3 |
83.5 ± 19.4 |
73.5 ± 25.1 |
58.0 ± 22.6 |
62.0 ± 16.9 |
85.3 ± 21.3 |
87.3 ± 16.5 |
73.5 ± 14.0 |
≥ 25.0 |
73.5 ± 21.4 |
78.7 ± 26.4 |
70.1 ± 28.4 |
53.1 ± 22.8 |
59.1 ± 20.7 |
84.6 ± 21.2 |
86.9 ± 17.9 |
71.2 ± 16.9 |
p-value |
0.443 |
0.146 |
0.395 |
0.149 |
0.289 |
0.807 |
0.881 |
0.297 |
Physical activity (min/wk) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
< 1500 |
64.5 ± 26.9 |
72.9 ± 30.3 |
66.4 ± 30.4 |
49.5 ± 27.0 |
53.7 ± 23.0 |
76.8 ± 26.3 |
83.5 ± 21.3 |
66.5 ± 18.8 |
≥ 1500 |
81.2 ± 13.0 |
87.2 ± 14.7 |
75.3 ± 23.7 |
61.7 ± 19.4 |
66.2 ± 14.8 |
89.2 ± 17.7 |
89.5 ± 14.3 |
75.7 ± 12.4 |
p-value |
< 0.001 |
< 0.001 |
0.063 |
0.003 |
< 0.001 |
0.001 |
0.051 |
0.001 |
Present illness |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Yes |
64.2 ± 23.2 |
71.4 ± 28.8 |
58.1 ± 27.2 |
40.7 ± 23.2 |
52.1 ± 21.5 |
74.1 ± 25.6 |
80.8 ± 20.2 |
65.0 ± 18.1 |
No |
79.7 ± 15.5 |
86.3 ± 17.1 |
78.5 ± 23.2 |
63.1 ± 18.9 |
64.9 ± 15.4 |
90.0 ± 16.9 |
90.0 ± 14.6 |
76.0 ± 12.3 |
p-value |
< 0.001 |
< 0.001 |
< 0.001 |
< 0.001 |
< 0.001 |
< 0.001 |
< 0.001 |
< 0.001 |
Table 3.Adjusted HRQOL measures in respondents among use of senior centers (Mean±SD)
|
Senior center
|
|
Use senior center (n=154) |
Non-use senior center (n=137) |
F |
p
|
Physical functioning |
80.82±13.68 |
74.24±21.68 |
4.97 |
0.027 |
Role physical |
87.39±13.68 |
80.90±24.22 |
7.02 |
0.009 |
Bodily pain |
72.76± 26.10 |
72.18±26.00 |
0.20 |
0.649 |
General health |
60.85±17.57 |
57.00±24.79 |
2.99 |
0.086 |
Vitality |
67.76±12.14 |
59.94±20.57 |
7.48 |
0.007 |
Social functioning |
87.72±17.92 |
84.78±22.75 |
1.39 |
0.240 |
Role emotional |
85.76±15.18 |
89.22±17.49 |
0.33 |
0.565 |
Mental health |
74.00±10.42 |
72.77±17.16 |
1.29 |
0.256 |