Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health

Original Articles

Non-vaccination Against COVID-19 Among Venezuelan Refugees and Migrants Adults in Peru: A Cross-sectional Study, 2022: Akram Hernández-Vásquez, Rodrigo Vargas-Fernández; J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(5):397-406. Published online August 17, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.078

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Abstract Summary PDF: Objectives
The purpose of this study was to determine factors associated with non-vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among the Venezuelan immigrant population residing in Peru.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted using data obtained from the Second Survey of the Venezuelan Population Residing in Peru in 2022. The dependent variable was vaccination status against COVID-19. The independent variables included socio-demographic, economic, and migratory characteristics of the included population. Crude and adjusted generalized linear Poisson-family models were used to calculate prevalence ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Results
A total of 7739 Venezuelan migrants aged 18 years or older were included. The proportion of non-vaccination against COVID-19 was 5.7%. Regarding associated factors, unemployment (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR], 1.31; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.65) was linked to an increased likelihood of not being vaccinated against COVID-19. In contrast, women (aPR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.61 to 0.95), possessing a migration permit (aPR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.31 to 0.54), and having health insurance (aPR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.27 to 0.81) were associated with a decreased likelihood of being unvaccinated.
Conclusions
The primary governmental and non-governmental institutions responsible for supporting and protecting the Venezuelan migrant and refugee population should improve vaccination access by issuing migration permits and providing health insurance.; Summary

Key Message
• Vaccination against COVID-19 is a strategy that should be provided equitably to the entire population. However, there are vulnerable groups such as Venezuelan migrants who have structural, cultural and socioeconomic barriers that limit access to this prevention system. • In Peru, about 6% of Venezuelan migrants have not received the complete vaccination schedule against COVID-19 due to the lack of employment in this population. In fact, the majority (61.9%) of Venezuelan migrants have only received two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine by February 2022.

Socio-demographic Determinants of Low Physical Activity in Peruvian Adults: Results of a Population-based Survey Performed in 2017-2018: Akram Hernández-Vásquez, Rodrigo Vargas-Fernández; J Prev Med Public Health. 2021;54(6):461-470. Published online November 7, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.21.418

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Objectives
The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of low physical activity (PA) in Peruvian adults and to identify associated factors.
Methods
An analytical study was performed using data from the 2017-2018 Nutritional Food Surveillance by Life Stages survey. The outcome variable was low PA (yes or no), assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-short form. Prevalence ratios were estimated as a measure of association.
Results
Among the 1045 persons included in the analysis, the age-standardized prevalence of low PA was 61.9%. The adjusted model showed that being female and migrating from a rural to an urban area in the last 5 years were associated with a higher probability of having low PA than males and individuals who had not migrated, while residing in rural highlands and jungle areas was associated with a reduced probability of having low PA compared to people residing in other geographic domains.
Conclusions
Being a female and migration from a rural to an urban area in the last 5 years were associated with a higher likelihood of having low PA. Therefore, promotion and prevention strategies related to PA are required, especially in the female and migrant populations.

Summary

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Individualized Biological Age as a Predictor of Disease: Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) Cohort
Seokyung An, Choonghyun Ahn, Sungji Moon, Eun Ji Sim, Sue-Kyung Park
Journal of Personalized Medicine.2022; 12(3): 505. CrossRef
Association between Altitude and the Framingham Risk Score: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Peruvian Adult Population
Akram Hernández-Vásquez, Rodrigo Vargas-Fernández, Manuel Chacón-Diaz
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(7): 3838. CrossRef
Prevalence of Prehypertension and Associated Cardiovascular Risk Profiles among Adults in Peru: Findings from a Nationwide Population-Based Study
Akram Hernández-Vásquez, Rodrigo Vargas-Fernández
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(13): 7867. CrossRef

Measuring Out-of-pocket Payment, Catastrophic Health Expenditure and the Related Socioeconomic Inequality in Peru: A Comparison Between 2008 and 2017: Akram Hernández-Vásquez, Carlos Rojas-Roque, Rodrigo Vargas-Fernández, Diego Rosselli; J Prev Med Public Health. 2020;53(4):266-274. Published online June 10, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.20.035

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189 Download
8 Crossref

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
Describe out-of-pocket payment (OOP) and the proportion of Peruvian households with catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) and evaluate changes in socioeconomic inequalities in CHE between 2008 and 2017.
Methods
We used data from the 2008 and 2017 National Household Surveys on Living and Poverty Conditions (ENAHO in Spanish), which are based on probabilistic stratified, multistage and independent sampling of areas. OOP was converted into constant dollars of 2017. A household with CHE was assumed when the proportion between OOP and payment capacity was ≥0.40. OOP was described by median and interquartile range while CHE was described by weighted proportions and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). To estimate the socioeconomic inequality in CHE we computed the Erreygers concentration index.
Results
The median OOP reduced from 205.8 US dollars to 158.7 US dollars between 2008 and 2017. The proportion of CHE decreased from 4.9% (95% CI, 4.5 to 5.2) in 2008 to 3.7% (95% CI, 3.4 to 4.0) in 2017. Comparison of socioeconomic inequality of CHE showed no differences between 2008 and 2017, except for rural households in which CHE was less concentrated in richer households (p<0.05) and in households located on the rest of the coast, showing an increase in the concentration of CHE in richer households (p<0.05).
Conclusions
Although OOP and CHE reduced between 2008 and 2017, there is still socioeconomic inequality in the burden of CHE across different subpopulations. To reverse this situation, access to health resources and health services should be promoted and guaranteed to all populations.

Summary

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Causes of death among international travellers in Peru, 2017 to 2021
Kasim Allel, Miguel M Cabada, Collen Lau, Deborah Mills, Richard C Franklin, Yan Zhu, Luis Furuya-Kanamori
Journal of Travel Medicine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Informal payments in health facilities in Peru in 2018: Analysis of a cross-sectional survey
Laura Espinoza-Pajuelo, Patricia Mallma, Hannah Hogan Leslie, Patricia Jannet García, Sarthak Gaurav
PLOS Global Public Health.2024; 4(1): e0001837. CrossRef
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Aashima, Rajesh Sharma
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Prevalence and Determinants of Catastrophic Healthcare Expenditures in Iran From 2013 to 2019
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Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2024; 57(1): 65. CrossRef
High cost drugs in Latin America: access and barriers
Diego Rosselli
Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research.2023; 23(6): 619. CrossRef
Determinants of Eye Care Service Utilization among Peruvian Adults: Evidence from a Nationwide Household Survey
Antonio Barrenechea-Pulache, Andres Portocarrero-Bonifaz, Akram Hernández-Vásquez, Carlos Portocarrero-Ramos, Jenny Moscoso-Carrasco
Ophthalmic Epidemiology.2022; 29(3): 339. CrossRef
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Taslima Rahman, Dominic Gasbarro, Khurshid Alam
Health Research Policy and Systems.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
THE IGNORED PANDEMIC OF PUBLIC HEALTH CORRUPTION: A CALL FOR ACTION AMID AND BEYOND SARS-COV-2/COVID-19
Jorge A. Sánchez-Duque, Zhaohui Su, Diego Rosselli, Maria Camila Chica-Ocampo, Maria Isabel Lotero-Puentes, Ana M. Bolaños-Portilla, Manish Dhawan, Alfonso J. Rodríguez-Morales, Kuldeep Dhama
Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences.2021; 9(2): 108. CrossRef

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