Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health

Brief Report

The Pyramid of Injury: Estimation of the Scale of Adolescent Injuries According to Severity: Hyejin Han, Bomi Park, Bohyun Park, Namsoo Park, Ju Ok Park, Ki Ok Ahn, Yang Ju Tak, Hye Ah Lee, Hyesook Park; J Prev Med Public Health. 2018;51(3):163-168. Published online May 23, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.18.027

6,708 View
161 Download
6 Crossref

Objectives
Due to their developmental characteristics, adolescents have a higher probability than other age groups of experiencing injuries caused by accidents, violence, and intentional self-harm. The severity and characteristics of injuries vary by the intentionality and mechanism of injury; therefore, there is a need for a national-level estimate of the scale and the severity of injuries in adolescents that takes these factors into account.
Methods
By using data from the Emergency Department-based Injury In-depth Surveillance Data, National Emergency Department Information System, the Korean National Hospital Discharge In-depth Injury Survey, and cause of death statistics, we calculated the emergency department (ED) visit rate, hospitalization rate, and death rate of injuries per 100 000 adolescents for each injury mechanism. The calculated rates were used to generate the injury pyramid ratio (ratio of death rate to hospitalization rate to ED visit rate) to visualize the scale and the severity of the injury.
Results
The mortality rate in adolescents due to injury was 10/100 000; the corresponding rates for hospitalization and ED visits were 1623 and 4923, respectively, resulting in an injury pyramid ratio with the general pyramid form, with a 1:162:492 ratio of deaths to hospitalizations to ED visits. The mortality rate due to suicide/intentional self-harm was 5/100 000, while 35 were hospitalized for this reason and 74 made ED visits. The pyramid ratio of 1:7:15 for intentional self-harm/suicide showed a steep pyramidal form, indicating considerable lethality. The mortality rate due to motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) was 3/100 000; 586 were hospitalized for this reason, while 1023 made ED visits. The pyramid ratio of 1:195:341 for MVCs showed a gradual pyramid form, indicating that the lethality was low and the scale of injury was high.
Conclusions
The main categories of injuries in adolescents were visualized in pyramid form, contributing to an understanding of the scale of each injury by mechanism in terms of levels of death, hospitalization, and ED visits. These findings will be helpful for understanding how to prioritize injuries in adolescents.

Summary

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Burden of Childhood Injuries in India and Possible Public Health Interventions: A Systematic Review
Mohan Kumar, Vineet Kumar Pathak, Saparya Tripathi, Anita Upadhyay, Vivek V. Singh, Chandrakant Lahariya
Indian Journal of Community Medicine.2023; 48(5): 648. CrossRef
Joinpoint Regression About Injury Mortality and Hospitalization in Korea
Hyun Jin Park, Ui Jeong Kim, Won kyung Lee, Bohyun Park, Yoonhee Shin, Seonhwa Lee, Eun Jeong Choi, Nam-eun Kim, Ju Ok Park, Hyesook Park
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Identifying intentional injuries among children and adolescents based on Machine Learning
Xiling Yin, Dan Ma, Kejing Zhu, Deyun Li, Kyoung-Sae Na
PLOS ONE.2021; 16(1): e0245437. CrossRef
The injury mechanisms and injury pyramids among children and adolescents in Zhuhai City, China
Xiling Yin, Wencan Dai, Yukai Du, Deyun Li
BMC Public Health.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Comparison of Intentional and Unintentional Injuries Among Chinese Children and Adolescents
Xiling Yin, Deyun Li, Kejing Zhu, Xiaodong Liang, Songxu Peng, Aijun Tan, Yukai Du
Journal of Epidemiology.2020; 30(12): 529. CrossRef
Global Lifetime and 12-Month Prevalence of Suicidal Behavior, Deliberate Self-Harm and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury in Children and Adolescents between 1989 and 2018: A Meta-Analysis
Kim-San Lim, Celine H. Wong, Roger S. McIntyre, Jiayun Wang, Zhisong Zhang, Bach X. Tran, Wanqiu Tan, Cyrus S. Ho, Roger C. Ho
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2019; 16(22): 4581. CrossRef

Original Article

Perceptions About Alcohol Harm and Alcohol-control Strategies Among People With High Risk of Alcohol Consumption in Alberta, Canada and Queensland, Australia: Diana C. Sanchez-Ramirez, Richard C. Franklin, Donald Voaklander; J Prev Med Public Health. 2018;51(1):41-50. Published online December 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.17.112

7,262 View
202 Download
6 Crossref

Abstract PDF

Objectives
To explore alcohol perceptions and their association hazardous alcohol use in the populations of Alberta, Canada and Queensland, Australia.
Methods
Data from 2500 participants of the 2013 Alberta Survey and the 2013 Queensland Social Survey was analyzed. Regression analyses were used to explore the association between alcohol perceptions and its association with hazardous alcohol use.
Results
Greater hazardous alcohol use was found in Queenslanders than Albertans (p<0.001). Overall, people with hazardous alcohol were less likely to believe that alcohol use contributes to health problems (odds ratio [OR], 0.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.27 to 0.78; p<0.01) and to a higher risk of injuries (OR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.33 to 0.90; p<0.05). Albertans with hazardous alcohol use were less likely to believe that alcohol contributes to health problems (OR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.26 to 0.92; p<0.05) and were also less likely to choose a highly effective strategy as the best way for the government to reduce alcohol problems (OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.43 to 0.91; p=0.01). Queenslanders with hazardous alcohol use were less likely to believe that alcohol was a major contributor to injury (OR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.20 to 0.77; p<0.01).
Conclusions
Our results suggest that people with hazardous alcohol use tend to underestimate the negative effect of alcohol consumption on health and its contribution to injuries. In addition, Albertans with hazardous alcohol use were less in favor of strategies considered highly effective to reduce alcohol harm, probably because they perceive them as a potential threat to their own alcohol consumption. These findings represent valuable sources of information for local health authorities and policymakers when designing suitable strategies to target alcohol-related problems.

Summary

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Prenatal alcohol exposure risk perception dimensions and influencing factors: A systematic review and conceptual model
May N. Erng, Natasha Reid, Karen M. Moritz, Mieke van Driel
Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health.2023; 47(3): 100047. CrossRef
Differences in Perceived Threat and Efficacy in Managing Opioid Use Disorder versus Alcohol Use Disorder
Vaishnavi Tata, Zahra Majd, Ashna Talwar, Shweta Bapat, Austin De La Cruz, James E. Essien, J. Douglas Thornton
Substance Use & Misuse.2023; 58(10): 1187. CrossRef
Identifying the Assumptions and Bias That Affect Screening and Brief Interventions for Harmful Alcohol Use
Brenda Johnston
Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association.2022; 28(1): 76. CrossRef
Rethinking Unhealthy Alcohol Use in the United States: A Structured Review
Joseph R Volpicelli, Percy Menzies
Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment.2022; 16: 117822182211118. CrossRef
Proportion of cancer cases and deaths attributable to alcohol consumption by US state, 2013-2016
Ann Goding Sauer, Stacey A. Fedewa, Priti Bandi, Adair K. Minihan, Michal Stoklosa, Jeffrey Drope, Susan M. Gapstur, Ahmedin Jemal, Farhad Islami
Cancer Epidemiology.2021; 71: 101893. CrossRef
Breathalysing and surveying river users in Australia to understand alcohol consumption and attitudes toward drowning risk
Amy E. Peden, Richard C. Franklin, Peter A. Leggat
BMC Public Health.2018;[Epub] CrossRef

Evaluation Studies

The Socioeconomic Cost of Injuries in South Korea.: Kunhee Park, Jin Seok Lee, Yoon Kim, Yong Ik Kim, Jaiyong Kim; J Prev Med Public Health. 2009;42(1):5-11.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2009.42.1.5

5,311 View
60 Download
10 Crossref

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
This study was conducted to estimate the socioeconomic cost of injuries in South Korea. METHODS: We matched claims data from national health insurance, automobile insurance and industrial accident compensation insurance (IACI), and mortality data obtained from the national statistical office from 2001 to 2003 by patients' unique identifier. Socioeconomic cost included both direct cost and indirect cost: the direct cost was injury-related medical expenditure and the indirect cost included loss of productivity due to healthcare utilization and premature death. RESULTS: The socioeconomic cost of injuries in Korea was approximately 1.9% of the GDP from 2001 to 2003. That is, 12.1 trillion KRW (Korean Won) in 2001, 12.3 trillion KRW in 2002, and 13.7 trillion KRW in 2003. In 2003, direct medical costs were 24.6% (3.4 trillion KRW), the costs for loss of productivity by healthcare utilization were 13.0% (1.8 trillion KRW), and the costs for loss of productivity by premature death were 62.4% (8.6 trillion KRW). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the socioeconomic cost of injuries in Korea between 2001 and 2003 was estimated by using not only health insurance claims data, but also automobile insurance, IACI claims and mortality data. We conclude that social efforts are required to reduce the socioeconomic cost of injuries in Korea, which represented approximately 1.9% of the GDP for the time period specified.

Summary

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Relationships between trauma death, disability, and geographic factors: a systematic review
Bona Hwang, Taewook Jeong, Jiyeon Jo
Clinical and Experimental Emergency Medicine.2023; 10(4): 426. CrossRef
Positive correlation between regional emergency medical resources and mortality in severely injured patients: results from the Korean National Hospital Discharge In-depth Survey
Hyo Jung Lee, Yeong Jun Ju, Eun-Cheol Park
CJEM.2017; 19(06): 450. CrossRef
Characteristics and Outcomes of Trauma Patients via Emergency Medical Services
Dae Hyun Cho, Jae Gil Lee
Journal of Trauma and Injury.2017; 30(4): 120. CrossRef
Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) for Injuries Using Death Certificates and Hospital Discharge Survey by the Korean Burden of Disease Study 2012
Won Kyung Lee, Dohee Lim, Hyesook Park
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2016; 31(Suppl 2): S200. CrossRef
Current status and future perspective of regional trauma center in Korea
Kang Hyun Lee
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2016; 59(12): 917. CrossRef
Characteristics of Korean Trauma Patients: A Single-center Analysis Using the Korea Trauma Database
Youngeun Park, Min Chung, Gil Jae Lee, Min A Lee, Jae Jeong Park, Kang Kook Choi, Sung Youl Hyun, Yang Bin Jeon, Dae Sung Ma, Yong-Cheol Yoon, Jungnam Lee, Byungchul Yoo
Journal of Trauma and Injury.2016; 29(4): 155. CrossRef
Analysis of KTDB Registered Trauma Patients from a Single Trauma Center in Korea
Byungchul Yu, Min Chung, Giljae Lee, Mina Lee, Jaejeong Park, Kangkook Choi, Sungyeol Hyun, Yangbin Jeon, Daesung Ma, Young-cheol Yoon, Jungnam Lee
Journal of Trauma and Injury.2015; 28(3): 123. CrossRef
The costs of hepatitis A infections in South Korea
Kyohyun Kim, Baek-Geun Jeong, Moran Ki, Mira Park, Jin Kyung Park, Bo Youl Choi, Weon-Seob Yoo
Epidemiology and Health.2014; 36: e2014011. CrossRef
Multilevel Analysis on Factors Influencing Death and Transfer in Inpatient with Severe Injury
Young Eun Choi, Kang Suk Lee
Health Policy and Management.2013; 23(3): 233. CrossRef
Trend of Mortality Rate and Injury Burden of Transport Accidents, Suicides, and Falls
Ki Sook Kim, Soon Duck Kim, Sang Hee Lee
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2012; 45(1): 8. CrossRef

English Abstracts

The Incidence Rates and Risk Factor of Mild Injury for Two Weeks: Using Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001.: Jesuk Lee, Soonduck Kim, Dongki Lee, Jisung Lee; J Prev Med Public Health. 2008;41(4):279-286.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2008.41.4.279

5,220 View
34 Download
2 Crossref

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
This study was performed to provide the basic data for establishing countermeasures for preventing injury by analyzing the incidence rates, the risk factors, the characteristics of the injury and the utilization of medical care for mild injury that lasted for two weeks. METHODS: We examined the injury survey data among the National Health and Nutrition Survey data. The definition of mild injury that lasted for two weeks was that the injury that caused pain at least once a day for two weeks or the injury for which the usual daily activity of the injured person was severely affected. We used statistical analysis methods such as chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The incidence rate of injury that lasted for two weeks was 4.7 per 1,000 persons. On the multiple logistic regression, the children and adolescents (OR=3.80, 95%CI=1.63-8.84) had higher rates of injuries than the adults, and the middle and high school (OR=0.51, 95%CI=0.31-0.85) and college(OR=0.34, 95%CI=0.17-0.68) students had lower rates of injuries than the elementary school students. The unemployed (OR=0.39, 95%CI=0.20-0.73) and others (OR=0.38, 95%CI=0.21-0.70) had lower rates of injuries than the blue collar workers. The major causes of injuries were found to be falling and slipping, and the most prevalent place of occurrence was near or at home. CONCLUSIONS: A prevention program needs to be developed and continuous education must be offered to the children, adolescents and blue collar workers.

Summary

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

The Relationship between Injury and Socioeconomic Status in Reference to the Fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Sung-Kyung Kim, Hyocher Kim, Kyungsuk Lee, Hee-Tae Kang, Sung-Soo Oh, Sang Baek Ko
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2014;[Epub] CrossRef
Patterns of Unintentional Domestic Injuries in Korea
Eun-Jung Lee, Jin-Seok Lee, Yoon Kim, Kunhee Park, Sang Jun Eun, Soo Kyung Suh, Yong-Ik Kim
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2010; 43(1): 84. CrossRef

The Incidence and Patterns of Unintentional Injuries in Daily Life in Korea: A Nationwide Study.: Kunhee Park, Sang Jun Eun, Eun Jung Lee, Chae Eun Lee, Doo Yong Park, Kyounghun Han, Yoon Kim, Jin Seok Lee; J Prev Med Public Health. 2008;41(4):265-271.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2008.41.4.265

5,600 View
52 Download
15 Crossref

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
This study was conducted to estimate the cumulative incidence rate (CIR) of unintentional injuries in Korean daily life and to describe the pattern of unintentional injuries. METHODS: The study population was the people who used the National Health Insurance because of injuries (ICD code: S00~T98) during 2006. The stratified sample according to gender, age and the severity of injury (NISS, New Injury Severity Score) was randomly selected. The questions on the questionnaire were developed as a reference for an international classification tool (ICECI, International Classification of External Causes of Injury). The questions included the locations of injury, the mechanisms of injury and the results of injury. Moreover, we used age, gender, region and income variables for analysis. RESULTS: The CIR of unintentional injuries that occurred in daily life for 1 year per 100,000 persons was 17,606, and the CIR of severe injuries was 286. Many injuries were occurred at home (29.6%), public places (19.0%), school (13.7%) and near home (12.0%). The major mechanisms of injuries were slipping (48.8%), contact (14.0%), physical over-exertion (13.8%), and fall (6.6%). Infants and old aged people were vulnerable to injuries, and those who lived rural area and who were in a low income level were vulnerable too. CONCLUSIONS: We signified the risk groups and risk settings of unintentional injuries in Korean daily life. These results could contribute to establishing strategies for injury prevention and implementing these strategies.

Summary

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Analysis of the effect of a community based injury prevention program using synthetic control method
Min Kyoung Kim, Nam Soo Park, So Hyeong Kim
Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2023; 40(1): 101. CrossRef
Association between Falls and Nutritional Status of Community-Dwelling Elderly People in Korea
Ah-Ra Jo, Mi-Jeong Park, Byung-Gue Lee, Young-Gyun Seo, Hong-Ji Song, Yu-Jin Paek, Kyung-Hee Park, Hye-Mi Noh
Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2020; 41(2): 111. CrossRef
A matrix analysis of carrying device-related injuries in preschool children
Kun Zhang, Yoshifumi Nishida, Koji Kitamura, Yoshiki Mikami
Safety Science.2019; 115: 199. CrossRef
The Pyramid of Injury: Estimation of the Scale of Adolescent Injuries According to Severity
Hyejin Han, Bomi Park, Bohyun Park, Namsoo Park, Ju Ok Park, Ki Ok Ahn, Yang Ju Tak, Hye Ah Lee, Hyesook Park
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2018; 51(3): 163. CrossRef
Epidemiology and Regional Distribution of Pediatric Unintentional Emergency Injury in Korea from 2010 to 2011
Jin Hee Jung, Do Kyun Kim, Hye Young Jang, Young Ho Kwak
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2015; 30(11): 1625. CrossRef
Estimating social and economic costs for outpatient injuries by using Korea medical panel data
Eun-Mi Choi, In-Sook Yoo
Journal of the Korea Industrial Information Systems Research.2015; 20(4): 55. CrossRef
The study of Health Care Utilization and Direct Medical Cost in the Diabetes Mellitus Client
In Sook Yoo
The journal of the convergence on culture technology.2015; 1(4): 87. CrossRef
Drinking Pattern and Nonfatal Injuries of Adults in Korea
In-Sook Yoo, Eun-Mi Choi, Ho-Jang Kwon, Sang-Gyu Lee
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2012; 13(4): 1690. CrossRef
Trend of Mortality Rate and Injury Burden of Transport Accidents, Suicides, and Falls
Ki Sook Kim, Soon Duck Kim, Sang Hee Lee
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2012; 45(1): 8. CrossRef
Classifying External Causes of Injury: History, Current Approaches, and Future Directions
K. McKenzie, L. Fingerhut, S. Walker, A. Harrison, J. E. Harrison
Epidemiologic Reviews.2012; 34(1): 4. CrossRef
Estimation of Nationwide Vaccination Coverage and Comparison of Interview and Telephone Survey Methodology for Estimating Vaccination Status
Boyoung Park, Yeon-Kyeng Lee, Lisa Y. Cho, Un Yeong Go, Jae Jeong Yang, Seung Hyun Ma, Bo-Youl Choi, Moo-Sik Lee, Jin-Seok Lee, Eun Hwa Choi, Hoan Jong Lee, Sue K. Park
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2011; 26(6): 711. CrossRef
Trends in Cancer Screening Rates among Korean Men and Women: Results from the Korean National Cancer Screening Survey (KNCSS), 2004-2010
Eun-Ha Lee, Hoo-Yeon Lee, Kui Son Choi, Jae Kwan Jun, Eun-Cheol Park, Jin Soo Lee
Cancer Research and Treatment.2011; 43(3): 141. CrossRef
A study on the variation of severity adjusted LOS on Injry inpatient in Korea
Sung-Soo Kim, Won-Joong Kim, Sung-Hong Kang
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2011; 12(6): 2668. CrossRef
Patterns of Unintentional Domestic Injuries in Korea
Eun-Jung Lee, Jin-Seok Lee, Yoon Kim, Kunhee Park, Sang Jun Eun, Soo Kyung Suh, Yong-Ik Kim
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2010; 43(1): 84. CrossRef
Falls in a Proportional Region Population in Korean Elderly: Incidence, Consequences, and Risk Factors
Jae-Young Lim, Won-Beom Park, Min-Kyun Oh, Eun Kyoung Kang, Nam-Jong Paik
Journal of the Korean Geriatrics Society.2010; 14(1): 8. CrossRef

Original Articles

Transient Effects on the Risk of Occupational Injuries as an Acute Events: a Case-crossover Study.: Seon A Jeong, Jong Tae Lee, Jong Uk Won, Jaehoon Roh; Korean J Prev Med. 2001;34(1):35-40.

1,938 View
25 Download

Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
To elucidate the transient effects on the risk of occupational injuries as acute events and establish an alternative proposal. METHODS: The study population comprised a total of 302 workers randomly selected from applications for occupational injury compensation reported to the Inchon local labor office from January 1, 1999 to December 31. A case-crossover design, where each case serves its own control, was applied to this study. Through a telephone interview, workers provided useful data concerning five job related stressful events such as company transfer, work load change, overtime work, exchange duty, and work-part transfer. They were asked whether there were stressful events within a week of the occurrence of injury and the degree of stress. Exposure status from one year prior was used as control information. In the end, the data provided by 158 of selected persons was used for the analysis based on the quality of the data provided by the participants. A conditional logistic regression was used to discover the transient effects on the risk of occupational injuries as acute events. RESULTS: The effect of a company transfer and work load change on occupational injury was statistically significant on the risk of occupational injuries as an acute event(RR=5.5, 95% CI=2.501-12.428; RR=3.1, 95% CI=1.963-5.017, respectively). Other stressful events were found to elevate the risk factor for the occurrence of occupational injury, but were not significant. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggested that transient stressful events elevated the risk factor for the occurrence of occupational injury.; Summary

Validation of the International Classification of Diseases 10th Edition Based Injury Severity Score(ICISS).: Yoon Kim, Ku Young Jung, Chang Yup Kim, Yong Ik Kim, Youngsoo Shin; Korean J Prev Med. 1999;32(4):538-545.

2,467 View
53 Download

Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVE
To compare the predictive power of International Classification of Diseases 10th Edition(ICD-10) based International Classification of Diseases based Injury Severity Score(ICISS) with Trauma and Injury Severity Score(TRISS) and International Classification of Diseases 9th Edition Clinical Modification(ICD-9CM) based ICISS in the injury severity measure. METHODS: ICD-10 version of Survival Risk Ratios(SRRs) was derived from 47,750 trauma patients from 35 Emergency Centers for 1 year. The predictive power of TRISS, the ICD-9CM based ICISS and ICD-10 based ICISS were compared in a group of 367 severely injured patients admitted to two university hospitals. The predictive power was compared by using the measures of discrimination(disparity, sensitivity, specificity, misclassification rates, and ROC curve analysis) and calibration(Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit statistics), all calculated by logistic regression procedure. RESULTS: ICD-10 based ICISS showed a lower performance than TRISS and ICD-9CM based ICISS. When age and Revised Trauma Score(RTS) were incorporated into the survival probability model, however, ICD-10 based ICISS full model showed a similar predictive power compared with TRISS and ICD-9CM based ICISS full model. ICD-10 based ICISS had some disadvantages in predicting outcomes among patients with intracranial injuries. However, such weakness was largely compensated by incorporating age and RTS in the model. CONCLUSIONS: The ICISS methodology can be extended to ICD-10 horizon as a standard injury severity measure in the place of TRISS, especially when age and RTS were incorporated in the model. In patients with intracranial injuries, the predictive power of ICD-10 based ICISS was relatively low because of differences in the classifying system between ICD-10 and ICD-9CM.; Summary

Treatment Process and Outcomes of Brain Injuried ER Patients.: Hye Ryeon Hong, Ki Nam Jin, Dong Woo Lee, Jae Su Kim; Korean J Prev Med. 1998;31(3):481-489.

1,978 View
20 Download

Abstract PDF: Injuries and infectious diseases have been the most important public health problems since the beginning of human life. Injuries result in death of about 30,000 people each year in South Korea. In terms of years of life lost, injuries are considerably more costly than either heart disease or cancer. In terms of cost - both the direct costs of care and the indirect costs to individuals, families, and societies of a diminished life - injuries are among the most expensive of all social problems. The main purposes of this study are (1) to describe the outcomes as well as treatment process of brain injured patients and (2) to identify the factors impacting on length of stay during hospitalization and hospital fees. The research method used in this study was to review the medical records of five hundreds brain injured cases using systemic random sampling. The multiple logistic regression was administered to identify the factors impacting on the outcomes. The results are as follow: (1) the consultation rate was found to be 72.9% while referral rate was 11.2%; (2) nearly 30% of the respondents were hospitalized over 30 days; (3) multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that the determinants influencing LOS were number of consultations, number of lab tests, and surgery; (4) the determinants of hospital fee were severity of brain injury, gender of patients, number of consultations, number of lab tests, and surgery.; Summary

A Study on Safety Accidents Occurred for 5 Years at a Welding Material Manufacturing Factory.: Hyun Sul Lim; Korean J Prev Med. 1995;28(3):551-562.

1,781 View
26 Download

Abstract PDF: To assess the status of safety accidents, authors reviewed and analysed the records of safety accidents of a welding material manufacturing factory at pohang city from January 1989 to December 1993. The results are; 1. The total incidence of safety accidents was 295 spells for five years. 2. Average age of workers with accident was 35.7 years. Average duration of employment was 6.2 years and the duration of employment increased as the year increased. 3. There was no statistical significance on season, month, weekday and time by year in the incidence of safety accidents. The most frequent part of body injured was upper and the most frequent type of injury was abrasion. 4. Mean admission rate of safety accidents was 12.6% and the ratio of treated spells as occupational injury was 7.8%. 5. The most frequent cause of injury was worker's mistake and the most frequent action for the prevention of further accidents was safety education. 6. The incidence rate of safety accidents on 1993 was 116.2 spells per l,000 persons. Above results suggest that to prevent safety accidents, safety education should be done continuously, the environmental and human factors were controlled and more exact reporting system of safety accidents was needed.; Summary

National Survey of Injury and Poisoning on a Representative Sample Population of Koreans.: Joung Soon Kim, Sung Soo Kim, Sung Chill Chang; Korean J Prev Med. 1994;27(3):447-464.

1,683 View
19 Download

Abstract PDF: Despite the public health importance of injury and poisoning in terms of its high mortality and incidence, epidemiologic information to be utilized are scarce in Korea. This study was carried out in 1990 on a representative sample population (about 55,000 persons) along with the 6th National Tuberculosis prevalence survey in order to estimate the magnitude of injury and poisoning occurrence and to identify its epidemiologic characteristics which can be aided for establishing preventive strategy pre-tested and structured questionnaire was used by trained interviewer to collect data including general information of the person, various information on the injury and poisoning during the past one year such as time and place of its occurrence, its nature and external causes, type of medical institute attended, duration of treatment and outcome of the accident occurred. In analysis of the data collected incidence rates per 1000 persons by sex, age group and its nature as well as external causes and relative frequencies were calculated. The result obtained are as follows; 1. The incidence rate per 1000 was 30 for both sexes, 39 for male and 22 for female, male being 1.8 times more frequent than female. Age adjusted incidences were not much different from the crude rates. Age group specific rate curve showed binodal shape in both sexes, small peaks in preschool children and higher peaks in older ages. The incidence rate per 1000 people by area was highest in Jeon-bug province (57/1000) and the lowest in Daegu city (11/1000). 2. The place where the injuries occurred were road in 46%, with the boundary of house in 25 %, and working place in 12%. The injuries and poisoning had occurred more frequently during the months from March to August of the year than other months. 3. The relatively frequent injuries by its nature were contusion with intact skin surface (19%), fracture of upper limb (13%), open wound of head neck and trunk (12%) and fracture of lower limb (11%) among males: contusion with intact skin surface (28%), sprains and strains of joints and adjacent muscle(14%), fracture of upper limb(10%) and fracture of lower limb (9%) among females. Higher incidence rate among males than females were fracture of skull(4.5times) open wound and fractures of limbs (2-3 times). Age specific rate of injuries and poisoning by its nature showed increasing pattern by age in fractures of upper and lower limbs and sprains & strains of joints whereas the age group of 30's showed highest incidence in open wounds of upper limb. Fractures of radius and ulna in upper limb, fractures of tibia & fibula and ankle in lower limb were most frequent among fractures of upper and lower limbs. The frequent injuries among sprains and strains of joints and adjacent muscles were that of ankle, foot and back and among open wound were that of head and fingers. 4. Relative frequency of injuries and poisoning by external causes showed following order: other accidents(25%), accidental falls (23%), motor vehicle accident (22%) and other road vehicle accident (l4%) among males and accidental falls (37%), motor vehicle accident (24%) and other accident (l8%) among females. The external causes revealing higher incidences among males than females, were other road vehicle accident (4.8times), vehicle accident not elsewhere classifiable (4.4 times), accidental poisoning (4.4 times), accidents due to natural and environmental factors (2.8times), and suicide & self-inflicted injuries (2.8 times). Age specific incidence by external causes for frequent injuries showed that incidence of other accident steadily increased from 10's till age 50's; motor vehicle traffic accident increased from age 20's and dropped after age 60's; on the other hand accidental fall increased strikingly by age. The most frequent external causes among motor vehicle traffic accidents was motor vehicle traffic accident involving collision with pedestrian (69%), pedal cycle accident (30%) and other road vehicle accident (71%) among other road vehicle accidents; falls on same level from slipping, tripping or standing (44%) and other falls from one level to another among accidental falls; accidents caused by machinery (32%) for male and striking against or struck accidentally by objects or person for female among other accidents. 5. seventy nine percent of the injuries and poisonings were treated in general hospital or hospital/clinic. The duration of treatment ranged from a few days to 123 weeks; the majority (52%) took under 2 weeks, 36% for 3-8 weeks and 40% over 21 weeks. 6. The accident resulted in full recovery of normal healthy state in 62%, residual functional defects in 21% and on process of treatment in 16%.; Summary

Incidence of the Needle-Stick Injuries in Medical Students Among Clinical Training.: Wan Seoup Park, Yun Kyung No, Jong Young Lee, Doohie Kim; Korean J Prev Med. 1994;27(3):403-410.

1,624 View
24 Download

Abstract PDF: A questionnaire survey was conducted to assess the experience of the needle stick injuries in 144 seniors of a medical school during the previous 10 months. one hundred and five of them (73%) had responded. About sixty-nine percent(72 cases) of the respondents had suffered at least one injury and there had been 129 injuries in total. Seventy-eight(56.6%) of the injuries took place at the time of the venipuncture. The emergency and operating room incurred 76.7 % and 23.3% of the injury, respectively. Injuries with bleeding account for 50.4%. None of the respondents was systematically educated about the prevention of injury. This survey shows that the needle-stick injury is a great risk for the medical students' health, and that educational effort for its prevention is warranted.; Summary

Sociomedical Survey on the Occupational Low Back Injuries of the Some Workers in Pusan Area.: Jong Ook Park, Don Kyoun Kim, Su Ill Lee, Byung Mann Cho, Bong Soo Cho, Yeung Wook Kim; Korean J Prev Med. 1994;27(2):299-312.

1,779 View
19 Download

Abstract PDF: This survey was performed to obtain the basic information for the prevention and management of occupational low back injury(LBI). The subjects of this survey were 952 workers(male, 892;female, 60) who had taken occupational LBI in some industries of Pusan area from January 1 to December 31, 1991. Observation period was 2.6 years from the beginning to the end of medical treatment. The obtained results were summarized as follows; 1. The proportion of LBI workers was 15.9% of the workers who had taken any occupational injuries and 0.32% of all workers in this surveyed area. 2. 8.0% of the workers had taken LBI on the 1st day of employment and 55.2% of the workers were within one year, 91.4% of the workers were within 10 years according to cumulative frequency distribution. 3. Handling of heavy objects was the most common cause of LBI(32.0%) and fall down(26.9%) and slip down(16.3%) were the next in order. 4. The most common causes of both lumbar sprain and HNP were handling of heavy objects and that of lumbar fracture was fall down. 5. The mean duration for medical treatment of LBI workers was 143 days. 6. The total direct compensation cost for LBI workers was 6,736 million Won and the proportion of medical, resting, disability compensation costs were 25.0%, 37.0%, 38.0% respectively. 7. The percentages of retreated workers and disabled workers were 11.9%(113 persons) and 22.9%(218 persons) of total LBI workers respectively.; Summary

A literature review on the health status of Korean workers under the Japanese colonialism.: Chang Yeop Kim, Ok Ryun Moon; Korean J Prev Med. 1991;24(1):45-56.

1,923 View
23 Download

Abstract PDF: The history of occupational health in Korea has covered the era of the Republic of Korea after the Liberation from Japanese colonialism. But the number of Korean workers exceeded about 2 millions at the times of liberation in 1945, so that it is expected that many occupational health problems inflicted Korean workers under the Japanese colonialism. The authors reviewed medical literatures, administrative documents, and other available data which were published under the colonial state, and collected things which had reference to the health status of Korean workers. The results were as follows; 1. Nutritional status of Korean workers was supposed to be inferior to of general population, some students, and poor inhabitants in a remote moutain villages. 2. It was supposed that the constitution of Korean workers was near lower limit of average build of contemporary Koreans. 3. The accidents rate in mines was significantly high but decreasing year after year, and the most importance cause of accidents was the fall of roof in the mine. The medical facilities and equipments for miners were supposed to be not sufficient in the mines and workshops. 4. Some occupational disease including silicosis, noise-induced hearing impairment, and decompression disease were known. But, overall incidence or prevalence of these diseases could not be identified. 5. On the whole, the fatalities of acute infectious diseases of Korean workers were higher than those of Japanese inhabitants in Korea and Korean inhabitants. The prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis of Korean workers was increasing with every passing year. 6. The medical personnels and facilities were so deficient that most Korean workers were out of adequate medical use. We discussed only a part of the health status of Korean workers under the Japanese colonialism, so it would be necessary to have a better grasp of details of occupational health policy and health status in the era of afflicting.; Summary

English Abstract

An Epidemiological Study for Child Pedestrian Traffic Injuries that Occurred in School-zone.: Sun Seog Kweon, Min Ho Shin; J Prev Med Public Health. 2005;38(2):163-169.

2,217 View
52 Download

Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
Pedestrian traffic injuries have been an important cause of childhood mortality and morbidity for decades. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological characteristics of child pedestrian traffic injuries that occurred during 2000 in one metropolitan city and its school-zones, and to determine the factors associated with those accidents. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed in 2001. Police records were used to identify the cases of pedestrian injury. Children aged between 6 and 15 years, injured during road walking, were included in this study. direct survey of the environmental factors within the schoolzones in study area (n=116) was also performed. Selfadministered questionnaires, via mail and telephone surveys, were used to assess the safety education programmes. The schools were divided into two groups according to the occurrence of pedestrian traffic injuries in their school-zone. RESULTS: Pedestrian injuries (n=597) were found to account for 3.2% of all traffic injuries in the subject area. The epidemiological characteristics were not significantly different between genders. There were some significant risk factors within the environmental factors, such as local road (OR: 2.3, 95% CI=1.05-5.35), heavy traffic volume (OR: 2.2, 95% CI=1.00-5.04), poor visibility of speed-limit signs (OR: 2.8, 95% CI=1.25-6.42), no separation of pedestrian routes from cars (OR: 2.6, 95% CI=1.02-6.75) and barriers on the pedestrian routes (OR: 2.2, 95% CI=1.01-5.08). Only one factor, that of education in a safety-park (OR: 0.3, 95% CI=0.09-0.96), was significantly associated in the traffic and pedestrian safety education factors. CONCLUSION: Significant associations with pedestrian injury risk were identified in some of the modifiable environmental factors than in the educational factors.; Summary

Comparative Study

Epidemiology and Control of Injury.: Soonduck Kim; J Prev Med Public Health. 2005;38(2):125-131.

2,225 View
41 Download

Abstract PDF: Injury has recently become a major world-wide health problem. Injury related deaths occur in many actively working young people and produce major social and economical losses. However health related specialists do not recognize the importance of injury and there have not been many studies related to this problem. This research studied the trends of injury related research in Korea, mortality rate and prevalence rate, socio-economical losses and control in Korea and out of the country, based on literature from Korea and without such as statistical yearly reports on causes of deaths and OECD health reports, as well as WHO web sites. Studies in Korea about injury were very few, with 9 in the 1960's, 5 in the 1980's, 4 in the 1990's and 5 in 2000's. Mortality rate of injury was higher in Korea than in England, USA or Japan, especially in car accidents, suicide and falls. In Korea, the yearly trends in mortality rates were highest in car accidents but those rates are falling, suicide is steadily rising, with highest rate in 2003. Falls is in second rank with no change in rates. In 2003, the ten causes of death in Korea were suicide in 5th rank, transport accidents in 7th rank, and falls in 10th rank. Considering age groups, in the teens, transport accidents were 1st rank, in the 20's and 30's, suicide was 1st rank, and although there were some differences, falls, drowning, assault, fire were in the top 10. Prevalence rates of injury could not be known, but in 2001, according to the National Health and Nutrition Survey, lifelong injury was 10%, and yearly major injury was 1.3%, major injury for two weeks was 0.1%, and minor injury was 10%. In other foreign countries, injury has become to be recognized as a major health related problem, and much programs are being set up to reduce injury related deaths and injuries. WHO is putting much effort in prevention of violence and transport accidents, and in the USA, Canada and Europe, there are injury surveillance systems. Recently, as suicide is increasing rapidly and providing much problems, each country are managing suicide prevention programs. In Korea, Ministry of Construction and Transportation is managing and guiding the policies for prevention of transport accidents. In September of 2004, the Ministry of Health and Welfare has set up a 5 year plan of suicide prevention.; Summary

First
Prev
Page of 2
Next
Last

Search